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2020届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解细节理解类解题技巧及典例剖析【考点清单】一、细节理解类题目常见的设问方式高考对细节理解的考查主要分为两种情况：一是词语细节类，其答案基本可以直接从原文中找出来，考生只要根据题干中的关键词与原文进行对照，就能迅速锁定答案；二是隐含细节类，这类题目虽然不能直接从原文找到对应的词汇或短语，但考生可以根据文章的隐含意义，如原因、方式或结果等获得答案。细节理解类题目近几年高考常见的设同方式有：1.Whencanyougoto...?2.Wherecan...?3.Whathappenedwhen...?4.Whatcanpeopledo...?5.Whatdoweknowabout...?6.Whatisthereasonfor...?7.Whatwasthereactionto...?8.Whocanhelpyouifyouwantto...?9.Whomadeagreatcontributionto...?10.Whichnumbershouldyoucallifyou...?11.Whichtendedtobe...accordingto...?12.Atwhichplacecanpeople...?13.Whichofthefollowingmayrequire...?14.WhydoesPeterhaveto...?15.Howdoes...differfrom...?二、细节理解类题目常见的命题类型1.直接信息题该类试题多对原文中的信息进行直接考查。做题时，考生首先找到原文中与题干要求相对应的信息，然后与选项内容进行对比即可确定答案。2.细节排序题该类试题要求考生根据动作发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，确定事件发生的先后顺序。3.数字计算题该类试题要求考生根据文中提供的文字、数字、图表等信息对年代、月份、费用、价格等进行计算。4.间接信息题该类试题四个选项中不直接出现原文的信息，而是借助同义转换、概念解析、归纳事实等方法对原文进行适当变换，让考生做出判断和选择。三、干扰项常见的模式1.是原文信息，但非题目要求的内容；2.符合常识，但非文章内容；3.与原句极为相似，只是略微有些变动；4.与原文信息相矛盾；5.部分正确，部分错误。四、解答细节理解题，要求考生细心在读文章之前先读题，对要考查的细节部分做简要记录，这样，在读文章时才能快而准地锁定目标信息，以便节省时间和减少反复寻找细节的麻烦。对细节的考查通常涉及一些长难句，对此，不要惊慌，首先判断是简单句还是复合句，若是简单句，先找句子的主、谓、宾，理解其主要意义，再理解附属成分的意义。若是复合句，先判断主句和从句，再分析各自的意义，最后理解整句意义。【分类解析】1.直接信息题题干定位法【典例】（2017·全国1,A片段）PacificScienceCenterGuide认真阅读题干，根据关键词明确答题方向运用略读、跳读及査读技巧迅速找到文中与问题相关的信息仔细比较所给选项，与原文信息对应，锁定正确选项VisitPacificScienceCenter’sStoreDon'tforgettostopbyPacificScienceCenter'sStorewhileyouareheretopickupawonderfulscienceactivityorsouvenittorememberyourvisit.Thestoreislocated(位于）upstairsinBuilding3rightnexttotheLaserDomeHungry?Ourexhibitswillfeedyourmind,butwhataboutyourbody?Ourcafeoffersacompletemenuoflunchandsnackop-tions,inadditiontoseasonalspecials.Thecafeislocatedup-stairsinBuildingIandisopendailyuntilonehourbeforePa-cificScienceCentercloses·RentalInformationLockersareavailabletostoreanybelongingsduringyourvisit.ThelockersarelocatedinBuildingIneartheInformationDeskandinBuilding3.Pushchairsandwheelchairsareavaila-bletorentattheInformationDeskandDennyWayentrance.IDrequired.Q:WherecanyoubuyasouveniratPacificScienceCen-A.InBuilding1.B.InBuilding3.C.AttheLaserDomeD.AttheDennyWayentrance.【解题思路】第一步确定题干中的关键词本题题干的关键词是：where;souvenir第二步根据关键词定位信息句本题信息句是：Don'tforgettostopbyPacificScienceCenter'sStorewhileyouareheretopickupawonderfulscienceactivityorsouvenirtorememberyourvisit.Thestoreislocated(位于）upstairsinBuilding3rightnexttotheLaserDome答案：B【干扰项分析】A、C、D三项张冠李戴。位于一号楼的咖啡馆和问询处等均不出售纪念品，排除A项；文章第一部分提到商店紧按着LaserDome,而不是说在LaserDome可以买纪念品，排除C项；根据文章第三部分中的“PushchairsandwheelchairsareavailabletorentattheInformationDeskandDennyWayentrance.可知，在DennyWay的入口处可以租借婴儿车和轮而不能买纪念品，排除D项。2.间接信息题——断章取义法断章取义法【典例1】(2016·全国I,A片段）SandraDayO'Connor(1930-present）WhenSandraDayO'ConnorfinishedthirdinherclassatanfordLawSchool,in1952,shecouldnotfindworkatalawrmbecauseshewasawoman.ShebecameanArizonastateenator(参议员）and,in1981,thefirstwomantojointheU.SupremeCourt.O'Connorgavethedecidingvoteinmanyim-ortantcasesduringher24yearsonthetopcourt.......Q:WhatwasthereasonforO'Connor'sbeingrejectedbyA.Herlackofpropertraininginlaw.B.Herlittleworkexperienceincourt.C.Thediscriminationagainstwomen.D.Thepoorfinancialconditions.【解题思路】第一步确定题干中的关键词本题题干的关键词是：O'Connor;thelawfirm第二步根据关键词定位信息句本题的信息句是：WhenSandraDayOConnorfinishedinherclassatStanfordLawSchool,in1952,shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.第三步对比信息句和选项，得出答案根据信息句可知，0'Connor找不到工作是因为她是一名女生。可见，这是由于当时对女性的偏见和歧视造成的。阅读题干，有针对性的扫描全文，锁定相关词句等信息仔细比较选项和原文信息，选择正确或最佳答案准确理解每个选项的意思，寻找与原文信息相关的近义词、同义词和反义词答案：C3.事件排序题——首尾排除法时间排序题典例（2014·四川，C)Aschoolgirlsavedherfather'slifebykickinghiminthechestafterhesufferedaseriousallergic(过敏的）reactionwhichstoppedhisheart.Izzy,nine,restartedfatherColm'sheartbystamping(踩）onhischestafterhefelldownathomeandstoppedbreathing.Izzy'smother,Debbie,immediatelycalled999butIzzyknewdoctorswouldneverarriveintimetosaveherfather,sodecidedtouseCPR.However,shequicklydiscoveredherarmsweren'tstrongenough,soshestampedonherfather'schestinstead.Debbiethentookoverwithsomemoreconventionalchescompressions(按压）untiltheambulancearrived.Izzy,whohasbeengivenabraveryawardbyherschool,said:Ijustkickedhimreallyhard.MymumtaughtmeCPRbutIknewIwasn'tstrongenoughtousehands.Iwasquitescared.ThedoctorsaidImightaswellbeadoctororanurse.MymumsaidthatDadwasgoingtohospitalwithabigfootprintonhischest.She'salittlestar,saidDebbie.IwasreallyupsetbutIzzyjusttookover.Ijustcan'tbelievewhatshedid.Ireallythinkallchildrenshouldbetaughtfirstaid.IzzydidCPRthenthedoctorturnedup.Colmhadtohavemoretreatmentonthewaytothehospitalandwe'vegottoseeanexpert.TruckdriverColm,35,sufferedamysteryallergicreactiononSaturdayandwastakentohospital,butwassenthomeonlyforittohappenagainthenextday.Thesecondattackwassoseriousthathisairwaysweventinghimfrombreathing,hisbloodpressuredroppedsuddenly,andhisheartstoppedforamoment.Hehasnowmadeafullrecoveryfromhissuffering.找出第一个发生的动作找出最后一个发生的动作缩小选择范围，通过排除法确定正确选项Q:What'stherightorderoftheevents?①.DlzzykickedColm.②.Debbiecalled999.③.lzzylearnedCPR.④.Colm'sheartstopped.A.③①②④B.④②③①C.③④②①D.④③①②【解题思路】第一步速读文章，了解故事情节由上下文可知，lzzy先前了解了一些CPR的知识，后来她父亲因过敏反应，心脏停止了工作，Izzy的母亲Debbie拨打了999急救电话，然后lzzy采取了急救措