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2020届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解主旨大意类解题技巧及典例剖析【考点清单】一、主旨大意类题目常见的设问方式1.Themainidea/keypointofthispassageisthat_____.2.Thepassageismainlyabout________3.Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassageis_____4.Thetopic/subjectdiscussedinthispassageis_____.5.Fromthepassagewecanconcludethatis_____6.Thelastparagraphischieflyconcernedwith_____7.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthmainideaofthepassage?8.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthethemeofthepassag【解题流程】叮嘱考生：永远把主旨大意题放在最后做。因为考生需要读完全文才能把握文章主题，所以在解答此类题目时考生不要急于去找答案，不论它出现在什么位置都把它作为最后一道题来做。在做完另外几道题目后，无疑会有助于考生加深对整篇文章的理解。第一步确定文章的主题词通过文章阅读和其他题目的解答，确定文章的主题词文章通常围绕主题词展开，主旨题的正确答案当然要包括文章主题词或主题词的同义改写词。第二步确定文章的主题句主题句常处的四种位置：1.首段或首句开门见山指出中心或讨论的问题。2.文章中间或段落中间给出中心。3.文章末段或段落末句对全文进行总结归纳。4.文章或段落中不明确给出中心，考生要根据各段中心或各句的内容进行总结，自己推出主旨。主题句通常具有下面一些特征：1.举例子的句子不是主题句，前后句可能是主题句。2.问句不是主题句，回答句可能是主题句。3.首段转折处常为文章的主题句。4.主题句常包含文章的主题词。5.主题句常包含主次之分的表达（AratherthanB等）。6.主题句常包含时间提示词（recently,today等）。7.定义型的句子（becalledas,beknownas,is,are等）。8.强调型的句子（stress,focus等）。9.总结型的句子（researchindicates,studysuggests等）。第三步总结文章的主旨根据文章的主题词和主题句，概括文章主旨，并与选项进行比对确定正确答案。如果文章全文都没有明确的主题句，那么主题思想要通过各段的主要内容进行归纳。这时考生要着重阅读各段的首尾句进行总结归纳。1.归纳文章标题典例（2017·全国Ⅱ，C)TerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhascompleteditsfirstflight,bringingthecompanycloserto最佳标题方法中心句法：根据文章中心句，提炼主题词充当文章标题1=1:当文章的写作对象特点较多时，常用写作对象的名称充当文章的题目1+1=1:将文章的写作对象和其主要特点、意义或影响整合充当最佳文章的题目特点概括性：抽象、准确、简短，常用一个短语或一句话针对性：标题外延恰当、与文章内容相符，避免以偏概全醒目性：新颖奇特，激发读者的阅读兴趣itsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.Thevehicle-namedtheTransition——hastwoseats,fourwheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewat1,400feetforeightminuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair.Itfliesusinga23-gallontankofgasandburns5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon.Around100peoplehavealreadyputdowna$10,000de-posittogetaTransitionwhentheygoonsale,andthosenumberswilllikelyriseafterTerrafugiaintroducestheTransitiontothepubliclaterthisweekattheNewYorkAutoShow.Butdon'texpectittoshowupintoomanydriveways.It'sexpectedtocost$279,000.Anditwon'thelpifyou'restuckintraffic.Thecarneedsarunway.Inventorshavebeentryingtomakeflyingcarssincethe1930s,accordingtoRobertMann,anairlineindustryexpert.ButMannthinksTerrafugiahascomecloserthananyonetomakingtheflyingcarareality.Thegovernmenthasalreadyper-mittedthecompanytousespecialmaterialstomakeiteasierforthevehicletofly.TheTransitionisnowgoingthroughcrashteststomakesureitmeetsfederalsafetystandards.MannsaidTerrafugiawashelpedbytheFederalAviationAdministration'sdecisionfiveyearsagotocreateaseparatesetofstandardsforlightsportaircraft,whicharelowerthanthoseforpilotsoflargerplanes.Terrafugiasaysanownerwouldneedtopassatestandcomplete20hoursofflyingtimetobeabletoflytheTransition,arequirementpilotswouldfindrelativelyeas-ytomeet.时Q:Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.FlyingCaratAutoShow.B.TheTransition'sFirstFlightC.Pilots'DreamComingTrue.D.FlyingCarClosertoReality[解题思路]第一步速读全文，找出中心句TerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhascompleteditsfirstflight,bringingthecompanyclosertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.第二步对比选项，确定答案关键词复现：flyingcar;closertoitsgoal答案：D本文是一则新闻报道，介绍了一种新型的飞行汽车。新闻报道的主题句通常是第一句话，本文的第一句中提到了flyingcar和closertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear,由此可知，飞行汽车快要变成现实了，故选D项。[干扰项分析]A项以偏概全，该项虽然有flyingcar,但出现在汽车展览会上是以后的事，并不是文章重点；B项以偏概全，这款飞行汽车在上个月的飞行只是在第一段提到，并不能概括全文；C项张冠李戴，最后一段虽然提到了飞行员，但开飞行汽车不是他们的梦想。2.概括文章/段落大意典例1(2016·浙江，C片段）Viewingchildhooddevelopmentasascientificinvestigationthrowslightonhowchildrenlearn,butitalsooffersaninspiringlookatscienceandscientists.Whydoyoungchildrenandscien-tistsseemtobesomuchalike?Psychologistshavesuggestedthatscienceasaneffort-thedesiretoexplore,explain,andunderstandourworld-is主旨大意借助段落主题句归纳常见位置段首段末借助文章主题段归纳常见位置首段（新闻报道、议论文、说明文）末段（记叙文、议论文）借助主题词归纳抓住文中出现频率较高的主题词，然后对其进行概括和归纳，确定文章的主旨大意simplysomethingthatcomesfromourbabyhood.Perhapsevolution(进化）providedhumanbabieswithcuriosityandanaturaldrivetoexplaintheirworlds,anda-dultscientistssimplymakeuseofthesamedrivethatservedthemaschildren.Thesamecognitive(认知的）systemsthatmakeyoungchildrerfeelgoodaboutfiguringsomethingoutmayhavebeenadoptedbyadultscientists.Assomepsychologistsputit,Itisnotthatchildrenarelittlescientistsbutthatscientistsarebigchildren.Q:Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.Theworldmaybemoreclearlyexplainedthroughchildren'splay.C.Childrenmayhavegreaterabilitytofigureoutthingsthanscientists.D.One'sdriveforscientificresearchmaybecomestrongerashegrows.[解题思路]第一步读本段文字，试找出本段的主题句，并标出能总结段落大意的关键词Viewingchildhooddevelopmentasascientificinvestigationthrowslightonhowchildrenlearn,butitalsooffersaninspiringlookatscienceandscientists.第二步根据该题选项的特点以及找到的主题句补全选项BStudyingbabies'playmayleadtoabetterunderstandingofscience典例2(2017·全国Ⅱ，C片段）TerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhascompleteditsfirstflight,bringingthecompanyclosertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.Thevehicle-namedtheTransition-hastwoseats,fourwheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewat1,400feetforeightminuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand