中国低碳电力的发展现状及展望

中国低碳电力的发展现状及展望StatusquoandPerspectiveofLow-CPowerinChina谢进XIEJin中国华能集团公司ChinaHuanengGroupBeijing2009.06.25目录Contents1.中国发展低碳电力要充分考虑国情NationalSituationforLow-CPower2.发展中国特色低碳电力的基本途径OptionsforLow-CPowerwithChinesecharacteristics3.近年来中国低碳电力发展取得的成就RecentachievementsofLow-CPowerinChina4.华能低碳电力技术研发现状及展望StatusandperspectiveoftechnologyR&DoncombatingclimatechangebyChinaHuanengGroup1.中国发展低碳电源要充分考虑国情NationalSituationforLow-CPower我国以煤为主的能源消费结构Coal-basedEnergyMixinChina世界能源消费结构2006WorldEnergyMix中国能源消费结构2006ChinaEnergyMix我国处于能源电力消费的高速增长阶段SoaringEnergyandPowerConsumptioninChina•我国工业化、城镇化加快发展的阶段性特征明显Determinedbythequickeningofindustrialiizationandurbanization.05001000150020002500300035004000200020012002200320042005200620072008百万吨标煤(MMtce)十亿千瓦时(billionkWh)•对比forcomparison–美国2007年，一次能源消费量只比2000年增加了2.6％primaryenergyincreasedonly2.6%forUSAin2007vs2000–同期，用电量只增加了6.6％USAelectricityconsumptionup6.6%forthesameperiod•原因Cause–发展阶段的不同：美国发达经济体developedeconomy–经济结构的不同，比较优势：economystructureandcomparativeadvantage我国能源市场体系仍在逐步建立过程中EnergyMarketsstillunderconstructioninChina•煤炭基本实现市场化Coalmarketquiteopennow–2003年来煤价上涨了1倍以上，2008年煤价最高升至1000元/吨以上，现在依然相对高位运行–nowadayscoalpriceisover2timescomparedwith2003,peakingatmorethan1000yuan/tonin2008for5500-kcalsteamcoal.•电力市场发电侧竞争Competitioninpowergeneration–5大中央企业发电集团，很多地方发电企业fivestate-ownedIPPs,andalsomanylocalandprivateIPPs–两家电网企业垄断经营twostate-ownedgridcompaniesstillinmonopoly–电价由政府定价，不能反映市场变化tariffsregulatedbythegovernment,NOTreflectingchangesinelectricitymarketandup-anddownstreammarkets我国低碳发展道路的现实途经Practicalrouteforlow-CdevelopmentinChina•实施低碳发展战略，减缓碳排放增长slowercarbonemissionincreasethanbusinessasusual,deployinglow-Cdevelopmentstrategy–优化产业结构，降低单位产值能耗upgradeeconomystructure,lowerspecificenergyconsumptionperunitofGDP–优化能源结构，降低单位能耗碳排放optimizeenergymix,lowerspecificcarbonemissionperunitofenergyconsumption•低碳电力优先目标topprioritiesforlow-Cpower–服务经济社会发展，满足不断增长电力需求meetingthestillfastgrowingpowerdemand,servingeconomydvpt.–市场化，成本有效性market-oriented,cost-effectiveness–可持续发展战略sustainabledevelopment2.发展中国特色低碳电力的基本途径OptionsforLow-CPowerwithChinesecharacteristics我国低碳电力的选择OptionsforLow-CPowerinChina•优先发展toppriority–需求侧管理：树立“节约是最大的减排”的理念DemandSideManagement–电源结构优化optimizationofpowersourcemix–提高能源转换效率boostthermalefficiency–低碳化市场设计low-cdesignofelectricitymarket•次优先secondpriority–碳捕集→二氧化碳资源化利用，如食品工业、强化资源开采等carboncaptureandindustrialutilization,ie,foodindustry,EOR,ECBM–碳捕集及封存carboncaptureandsequestration•基础研究、示范、市场、法规、风险、成本有效性、全国封存潜力评估等basicresearch,pilotanddemo,market,legislationandregulation,riskmanagement,costeffectiveness,nationalpotentialevaluationofsequestration,etc.需求侧管理DSMinend-usesectors•产业结构调整，降低单位GDP电耗adjustmentofnationalindustrystructure,lowerenergyandelectricityconsumptionperGDP•技术革新、节能技改，降低单位产品能耗tech.innovationandrevamps,lowerspecificenergyconsumptionofindustryproducts•商业、公共设施及生活节能energymanagementofsocial,commercialandpublicinfrastructureandlife-relatedservices•以智能电网建设推进电力需求侧管理smartgridupgradedDSM•电力体制改革，推进市场化建设步伐furthermarket-orientedreformingofpowerindustry电源结构优化调整(1)OptimizationofPowerSourceMix(1)79.4%48.6%23.4%19.4%16.4%5.8%1.5%2.0%2.8%0.7%0.0%10.0%20.0%30.0%40.0%50.0%60.0%70.0%80.0%90.0%100.0%China2008USA2007其他可再生Otherrenewables水电Hydro核电Nuclear油气电OilGas煤电Coal•中美两国发电量结构对比•ChinavsUSAoverelectricitygenerationmix电源结构优化调整(2)OptimizationofPowerSourceMix(2)•优先发展核电和可再生能源Toppriority:expeditethedevelopmentofzero-Cpowersoureces,suchas,nuclear,hydro,wind,solarandotherrenewables–核电，2020年装机比例达到4%~5%nuclear,by2020,4-5%intotalgeneratingfleet–可再生能源，2010年达到能源消费总量的10%，2020年15%Renewables,10%totalenergycons.by2010,15%in2020电源结构优化调整(3)OptimizationofPowerSourceMix(3)171.58.940.730.3300100301.8050100150200250300350水电Hydro风电WindPower生物质Biomass太阳能发电SolarPower百万千瓦(GW)20082020提高能源转换效率(1)BoostThermalEfficiency(1)•新建煤电机组newcoal-firedp.g.units–洁净煤发电技术CleanCoalTechs•60万千瓦及以上超（超）临界机组supercriticalandultra-supercriticalunits,600+MW•实施热电联产等节能重点工程combinedheatandpower•缺水地区重点发展空冷节水型机组air-cooledp.g.unitsinregionsshortofwater•天然气或LNG发电机组NGCCunits–伴随城市化进程和天然气基础设施建设，在大城市建设天然气热电联产、热电冷三联供机组gas-firedCHPandelectricity/heat/coolingcoproductioninlargecities,withtheon-goingurbanizationandNGnetworkconstructioninChina提高能源转换效率(2)BoostThermalEfficiency(2)•现役煤电机组coalunitsalreadyinservice–不断提高经济运行和节能管理水平economicoperationandenergy-savingmanagement–积极采用清洁高效适用技术，对一些老机组进行节能环保改造revampoldunitswithappropriateenergy-savingtechs•用等离子点火、微油点火等技术改造锅炉点火系统revampfiringsystemofboilerwithplasmaormicro-oilignition•老机组汽轮机通流部分进行改造revampsteampathofoldsteamturbines•对电厂风机、泵类负荷电动机实施变频改造revampmotorswithfrequencyconverter–不断淘汰落后产能，替代以更高效的高参数机组replacelower-eff.high-emissionsmallunitswithlargerhigh-eff.CCTunits市场设计的低碳化(1)Low-CDesignofElectricityMarket(1)•市场准入门槛MarketAccess–产业结构调整指导目录GuidingCatalogueforStructuralAdjustmentofIndustry–对新建机组实施容量、煤耗限制capacityorefficiencythresholdfornewbuiltunits–设定淘汰机组的条件criteriaforunitselimination•电价体系Tariffs–鼓励低碳发电机组发展，并有效增加市场份额fosteringthedevelopmentoflow-cp.g.units–高排放机组环境成本内部化mechanismsofinternalizedsocialimpactofpollutants市场设计的低碳化(2)Low-CDesignofElectric