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TheSubjunctiveMood虚拟语气Hehas…Daydreaming……英语中的三种语气•陈述语气：用于陈述事实。•祈使语气：用于提出请求、命令等。•虚拟语气：①表示说话人说的不是事实而是一种假设、猜想等。②表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等。一.虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法•条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。（1）真实条件句：假设的情况是有可能发生的。Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,wewillgotothepark.（2）虚拟条件句：假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来都不可能发生的。Ifhehadseenyouyesterday,hewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit.1.与现在事实相反从句-----过去式(be通常用were)，主句----should(would,could,might)+动词原形”：IfIknewhernumberIcouldringherup.Ifhewerefree,hewouldhelpus.Should用于第一三人称would表示结果，might表示可能性，could表示能力、允许或可能性IfIhadalotofmoneyIwouldbuyavilla.1.如果我是只鸟，我就能在天上飞了。IfIwereabird,Icouldflyinthesky.2.IfI______(有)aknife，I___________(就杀了)you。hadwouldkill2.与将来事实相反或将来的愿望推测•从句----did/should+do/weretodo•主句-----should/would/could/might+doIfhegotupearly,hewouldbeontime.3、与过去事实相反从句——haddone主句——should/would/could/might+havedoneIfhe__________morecarefully,he_________________thecaraccidentyesterday.haddrivenwouldnothavehad虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法总结时态If从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在过去未来did/werewould/could/should/might+V.(原)would/could/should/might+have+p.p.1.did/were2.shoulddo3.weretodowould/could/should/might+V.(原)haddone二：交叉虚拟主从句动作发生的时间不同时，按时间来确定虚拟形式。Iftheweatherhadbeenbetter,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.•Ifitwerenotforyouradvice,wecouldn’thavegotoverthedifficulties.•Wereitnotforyouradvice,wecouldn’thavegotoverthedifficulties.•当If条件句中有were,had,should这三个助动词时，可将If省略，从而将这三个助动词放到句首。without和butfor构成虚拟。(butfor要不是)•Withoutsunlight,people’slifewouldbedifficult.•Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavefinishedthework.otherwise,or,orelse等的虚拟用法Shewasn’tfeelingverywell.Otherwiseshewouldn’thaveleftthemeetingsoearly.高考链接：Jackcan’thavearrivedyet,otherwisehe_____me.A.wouldphonedB.phonedC.wouldhavephonedD.hadphoned三、虚拟语气在名词从句中的用法A.用于宾语从句1.wish+宾语从句现在：过去：将来：过去时(did/were)过去完成时(haddone)would/could/might/should+V.2.wouldrather--现在：过去：未来：•Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.(现在)•Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.(过去)•Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.(未来)过去时过去时过去完成时•Would/hadrather(not)havedonesth•宁愿过去（没）做了某事•一个坚持：insist•两个命令：order,command•三个建议：advise,suggest,propose•四个要求：demand,require,request,desire•从句谓语动词使用“（should）+V原形”•Hesuggestedthatwe(should)gohomeatonce.•如果suggest表示“暗示，表明”、insist表示“坚持说/认为”时，从句用陈述语气。•主句的主语如果是表示说话人的愿望（wish/desire）建议（suggestion/advice/proposal）要求（requirement/demand）命令（order/command）等名词，表语从句谓语动词用“（should）+V原形”•Oursuggestionisthatyou(should)bethereontime.虚拟语气在同位语从句中的使用•如果同位语从句所修饰的名词是表示说话人的愿望，建议，要求，命令等名词时。从句谓语动词用“（should）+V原形”•Thesuggestionthatstudents(should)learnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.在句型“It’snecessary/strange/natural/important/vital+that……”从句的动词要用虚拟，即使用(should)+动词原形•虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用•It’snecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.考题点击：1.Isitnecessarythathe_____theexamination?A.tookB.havetotakeC.musttakeD.takeD1.Hissuggestionthatyou_____oncemoresoundsreasonable.1.A.tryB.triesC.musttryD.cantryA•在asif/though引导的从句中，若表示与现在事实相反，用一般过去时，与过去事实相反，用过去完成时。虚拟语气在asif/though从句中的使用•Shelookedaftertheboyasifhewereherownson.用于Ifonly引导的感叹句（用法同wish）ifonly通常独立使用，没有主句。•IfonlyIwererich.•IfonlyIhadlistenedtomyparents!•Ifonlyshewouldgowithme!•在句型“It’samazing/strange/surprising/astonishing/ashamethat……”以及“I’msurprised,I’msorry/Iregret+that从句”，表示说话人的惊异，懊悔，失望等情感，常含有“竟然”之意，从句中谓语动词使用“shoulddo”的虚拟结构。•Itisamazingthathe(should)behavesorudely.Thankyou!Bye-bye!