IT项目管理答案

SolutionstoAccompanyInformationTechnologyProjectManagement,SixthEditionISBN-10:0324786921ISBN-13:9780324786927CourseTechnologyMISSeriesCompanionWebSite::InformationTechnologyProjectManagement,SixthEdition2CHAPTER1IntroductiontoProjectManagementDISCUSSIONQUESTIONS1.Whyisthereaneworrenewedinterestinthefieldofprojectmanagement?Moreandmoreprojectsarebeingdonebyavarietyoforganizations.Theprojectsaremorecomplexandofteninvolvetheuseofnewtechnologies.Organizationsarestrugglingtofindbetterwaystomanagetheirprojects.2.Whatisaproject,andwhatareitsmainattributes?Howisaprojectdifferentfromwhatmostpeopledointheirday-to-dayjobs?Whatisthetripleconstraint?Aprojectis“atemporaryendeavorundertakentocreateauniqueproduct,service,orresult”(PMBOKGuide,2008,p.5).Inadditiontobeingtemporaryandunique,otherattributesofprojectsarethattheyaredevelopedusingprogressiveelaboration,requireresourcesfromvariousareas,shouldhaveaprimarycustomerorsponsor,andinvolveuncertainty.Projectsaredifferentfromday-to-dayactivitiesprimarilybecausetheyhavefocusedgoalsanddefinitebeginningandendingdates.Thetripleconstraintismanagingscope,time,andcostgoals.3.Whatisprojectmanagement?Brieflydescribetheprojectmanagementframework,providingexamplesofstakeholders,knowledgeareas,toolsandtechniques,andprojectsuccessfactors.Projectmanagementis“theapplicationofknowledge,skills,tools,andtechniquestoprojectactivitiesinordertomeetprojectrequirements”(PMBOKGuide,2008,p.9).Theprojectmanagementframeworkgraphicallyshowstheprocessofbeginningwithstakeholders’needsandexpectations,applyingthenineprojectmanagementknowledgeareasandvarioustoolsandtechniquestoleadtoprojectsuccessandthenenterprisesuccess.Forexample,ifaprojectweretoimplementanERPsystemforalargecompany,thestakeholderswouldincludemanagersandusersfrommanydifferentdepartments(finance,manufacturing,humanresources,IT,etc.),allnineknowledgeareaswouldbeimportant,numeroustoolsandtechniqueswouldbeapplied(seeTable1-1),andprojectsuccessmightbebasedonimplementkeyfunctionsbyacertaintimeforacertaincostorhavingthenewsystempayforitselfwithinacertaintimeperiod.4.Whatisaprogram?Whatisaprojectportfolio?Discusstherelationshipbetweenprojects,programs,andportfoliomanagementandthecontributionstheyeachmaketoenterprisesuccess.Aprogramis“agroupofprojectsmanagedinacoordinatedwaytoobtainbenefitsandcontrolnotavailablefrommanagingthemindividually”(PMBOKGuide,2008,p.9)Projectportfoliomanagementfocusesonmanagingprojectsasisasaportfolioofinvestmentsthatcontributetotheentireenterprise’ssuccess.Projectsarepartofprogramswhicharepartofportfolios.5.Whatistheroleoftheprojectmanager?Whataresuggestedskillsforallprojectmanagersandforinformationtechnologyprojectmanagers?Whyisleadershipsoimportantforprojectmanagers?Howisthejobmarketforinformationtechnologyprojectmanagers?Theprojectmanagerisultimatelyresponsibleforprojectsuccess.Manysuggestedskillsarelistedinthischapter,includingstrongleadershipskills,organizationalskills,technicalskills,andmanysoftskills.ITprojectmanagersrequirethesameskillsasgeneralprojectmanagers,buttheyshouldalsoknowsomethingaboutthetechnologyusedfortheprojectandthetypesofpeoplewhoworkoninformationtechnologyprojects.Leadingbyexampleisthemostimportanttraitofeffectiveprojectmanagers.Thejobmarketforinformationtechnologyprojectmanagerscontinuestoremainstrong,especiallyforthosewithstrongbusinessandleadershipskills.6.Brieflydescribesomekeyeventsinthehistoryofprojectmanagement.WhatroledoestheProjectManagementInstituteandotherprofessionalsocietiesplayinhelpingtheprofessionSomepeoplesaythatbuildingtheEgyptianpyramidsortheGreatWallofChinawereprojects,butmodernprojectmanagementbeganwiththeManhattanProjectordevelopmentoftheatomicbomb.Thatprojecttookaboutthreeyearsandcostalmost$2billionin1946andhadaseparateprojectmanagerandtechnicalmanager.Ganttchartswerefirstusedin1917,andnetworkdiagramswereusedin1958.PMIisthemainprofessionalsocietyforprojectmanagers,andtheyrunthePMPcertificationprogram.InformationTechnologyProjectManagement,SixthEdition37.Whatfunctioncanyouperformwithprojectmanagementsoftware?Whataresomepopularnamesoflow-end,midrange,andhigh-endprojectmanagementtools?Projectmanagementsoftwarecanassistindevelopingschedules,communicatinginformation,trackingprogress,etc.PopulartoolsincludeMilestonesSimplicity,Project2007,andtheMicrosoftEnterpriseProjectManagementsolution,tonameafew.EXERCISESAnswerstoalloftheseexerciseswillvary.Themainpurposeoftheseexercisesistohavestudentsbegindoingsomeindependentresearchtofurtherexplorethefieldofprojectmanagement.Youcouldhavestudentsdiscusstheresultsoftheseexercisesinclasstoenhanceparticipation,assignsomeforhomework,ordoboth.InformationTechnologyProjectManagement,SixthEdition4CHAPTER2T