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ThePresentPerfectTenseSentencestructure:主语+have/hasdone现在完成时表示动作发生在过去,并持续到现在或者是过去的动作对现在的影响.经常用于现在完成时的时间状语:recently,uptonow,sincethen,sofar,already,just,yet等.ThePresentPerfectPassiveVoiceSentencestructure:subject+have/has+been+doneInwhatcasesdoweusethepassivevoice?1.不知道或没有必要说明的动作的执行者是谁。2.强调动作的承受者，而不是发出者。????[肯定式]have/has＋been＋done[否定式]have/has＋not＋been+done[疑问式]Have/Has＋主语＋been+done?现在完成时的被动语态中发生的动作是对现在造成的影响与结果，强调与现在情况有联系。常与already,always,often,ever,never,yet,not...yet,just,since,for,now,today,thismonth,thisyear,thesefewdayslately(近来,最近)recently(最近)sofar(迄今为止)uptonow(到目前为止)eversince(从那时到现在)等。注意:1.副词的位置often,usually,always,never,hardly,seldom等副词置于have/has和been中间。2.并不是所有动词都有被动语态1)happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto,takepartin,cost,last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。如：[误]GreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinChinasince1978.[正]GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasince1978.2)open,break,drop等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态。如：[误]Thedoorhasbeenopenedofitself.[正]Thedoorhasopenedofitself.3.短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词或副词。如：TheSARSpatientshavebeentakengoodcareof.4.一些特殊动词,如borrow,finish,begin,buy,start,return,marry,open,join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则需改换动词或时态。如：Mybrotherhashad(不能用hasbought)thisbikeforalmostfouryears.Howlonghasthisbookbeenbought?Howlongagowasthisbookbought?HowmanyHarryPorterbookshasJ.K.Rowlingwritten?ShehaswrittensevenHarryPorterbooks.SevenHarryPorterbookshavebeenwrittenbyJ.K.Rowling.Thehouseshavebeendestroyedbythestorm.电影《画皮》是由陈嘉上最近导演的。PaintedSkinhasrecentlybeendirectedbyChenJiashang。1.JayChouhasputoutmanypopularsongs.ManysongshavebeenputoutbyJayChou.2.hisfans,Jay’snewsongs,by,accept,alreadyJay’snewsongshavealreadybeenacceptedbyhisfans.ShenzhouⅦ___________(sendup)on25,September.AndsixChineseastronauts_____________(send)intospacesofar.wassentuphavebeensentManyoldbuildings______________(pulldown)andnewfences____________(build)inShijiazhuang.havebeenpulleddownhavebeenbuiltFillintheblanksEmmons____tobethehappiestpersonalthoughhehasfailedmanytimes.A.consideredB.hasconsideredC.isconsideringD.hasbeenconsideredD1.WehavebeentaughtnevertoabandonorgiveupanythingbyXuSanduo.XuSanduohastaughtusnevertoabandonorgiveupanything.2.WangBaoqianghasbeenachievedagreatsuccess.(trueorfalse)Changethefollowingsentencesintoactiveorpassivevoice.1.LiuXianghaseverbrokentheworldrecord.TheworldrecordhaseverbeenbrokenbyLiuXiang.2.Thefloorhasbeencleanedbymymother.Mymotherhascleanedthefloor.3.YaoMinghasbeenpushedoverbyafatbasketballplayer.AfatbasketballplayerhaspushedYaoMingover.4.Ihaven’tcleanedtheroomforweeks.Theroomhasn’tbeencleanedbymeforweeks.5.Wehavebeeninvitedtotakepartinhiswedding.Hehasinvitedustotakepartinhiswedding.6.Myfatherhasgivenupsmokingsofar.Smokinghasbeengivenupsofar.7.Someonehasopenedmybag.Mybaghasbeenopenedbysomeone.8.Allthelettershavealreadybeensentbythepostmen.Thepostmenhavealreadysentalltheletters.Ⅰ改错1.Apersonalcomputerhasboughtbyus.Apersonalcomputerhasbeenboughtbyus.2.Manyproblemshasbeenfoundinmynewcomputer.Manyproblemshavebeenfoundinmynewcomputer.3.Ourcomputerjusthasbeenjoinedtotheinternet.Ourcomputerhasjustbeenjoinedtotheinternet.4.Thecomputerwasusedeverydaysinceweboughtit.Thecomputerhasbeenusedeverydaysinceweboughtit.用被动语态改写下列句子。1.Theyhavefinishedtheconstructionofthenewrailwaylinesbynow.2.Wehavebuiltanewlibraryandagymnasiuminourschoolthisyear.Theconstructionofthenewrailwaylineshasbeenfinishedbythembynow.Anewlibraryandagymnasiumhavebeenbuiltinourschoolthisyearbyus.3.Thecarfactoryhasproducedagreatmanyfinecarssincethetechnologicalrevolution.Agreatmanyfinecarshavebeenproducedbythecarfactorysincethetechnologicalrevolution.4.Theyhavemadeaplantohelpthepoorchildreninthepoorarea.5.ThegovernmenthasspentalotofmoneyontheHopeProject.Aplanhasbeenmadebythemtohelpthepoorchildreninthepoorarea.AlotofmoneyhasbeenspentontheHopeProjectbythegovernment.1.脏衣服都已经洗了。(wash)Thedirtyclothes______________________.2.这项计划已经由专家研究过三次了。(study)_____________________________bytheexpertsforthreetimes.3.这些年来,这个小孩一直由王奶奶照料。(take)______________________________byGrandmaWangalltheseyears.4.工作一完成我们就立即动身。(finish)We’llstartassoonasthework__________________________.Ⅱ补充完整下列句子：havebeenwashed.TheplanhasbeenstudiedThechildhasbeentakencareofhasbeenfinished.Ⅲ.单项填空1．Hissisterlefthomein1998，and_______since.A．hadnotbeenheardofB．hasnotbeenheardofC．hadnotheardofD．hasnotheardof解析：句意为：他姐姐1998年离家出走，从此杳无音信。是对现在造成的结果，且根据句中since可知本题需用（），同时根据Hissister与hearof之间可知需用（）。现在完成时被动语态2．Thoughwedon’tknowwhatwasdiscussed，yetwecanfeelthetopic________.A．hadchangedB．willchangeC．waschangedD．hasbeenchanged解析：句意为：虽然我们不知道讨论的内容，但我们能感觉到讨论的话题变了。Topic与change之间应用（），又根据时态要与don’tknow保持一致且有yet应用（）被动语态现在完成时3．Everypossiblemeans________tosavethewoundedsoldieruptonow.A．wastriedB．weretriedC．havebeentriedD．hasbeentried解析：由时间状语uptonow可知应用（）。另外，主语means与try之间为（）关系。means为单复数同形的单词，由其前的every可知此处作（）名词。故选D项。现在完成时被动单数4．Thenewdictionariesareveryuseful.They________welland________already.A．sell；havebeensoldoutB．sold；hadsoldoutC．sell；selloutD．aresold；havebeensoldout解析：第一空sell说明主语的性质，为不及物动词用法，应用（）语态；第二空根据副词already可知“已卖完了”；且sellout(售完)与dictionaries间为（）关系，故选A项。主动被动5