FPGA开发板设计

第I页共38页I摘要FPGA即现场可编程门阵列，它是在可编程阵列逻辑PAL，门阵列逻辑GAL，可编程逻辑器件PLD等可编程器件的基础上进一步发展的产物。它是作为专用集成电路ASIC领域中的一种半定制电路而出现的，既解决了定制电路的不足，又克服了原有可编程器件门电路数有限的缺点。FPGA能完成任何数字器件的功能，上至高性能CPU,下至简单的74系列电路，都可以用FPGA来实现。FPGA如同一张白纸或是一堆积木，工程师可以通过传统的原理图输入法或是硬件描述语言自由设计一个数字系统。通过软件仿真，我们可以事先验证设计的正确性。在PCB完成以后，还可以利用FPGA的在线修改能力，随时修改设计而不必改动硬件电路。使用FPGA来开发数字电路，可以大大缩短设计时间，减少PCB面积，提高系统的可靠性。采用FPGA设计ASIC电路，用户不需要投片生产，就能得到合用的芯片。FPGA可做其它全定制或半定制ASIC电路的中试样片。FPGA是ASIC电路中设计周期最短、开发费用最低、风险最小的器件之一。FPGA采用高速CHMOS工艺，功耗低，可以与CMOS、TTL电平兼容。可以说，FPGA芯片是小批量系统提高系统集成度、可靠性的最佳选择之一。FPGA能够反复使用。FPGA的编程无须专用的FPGA编程器，只须用通用的EPROM、PROM编程器即可。当需要修改FPGA功能时，只需换一片EPROM即可。这样，同一片FPGA，不同的编程数据，可以产生不同的电路功能。因此，FPGA的使用非常灵活。设计人员利用它可以在办公室或实验室里设计出所需的专用集成电路，从而大大缩短了产品上市时间，降低了开发成本。此外，FPGA还具有静态可重复编程和动态在系统重构的特性，使得硬件的功能可以像软件一样通过编程来修改。FPGA以其体积小、功耗低、稳定性高等优点被广泛应用于各类电子产品的设计中。因此，FPGA技术的应用前景非常广阔。第II页共38页IIAbstractFPGA(FieldProgrammableGateArray)isthefurtherdevelopmentproductbasedonthePAL(ProgrammableArrayLogic),GAL(GateArrayLogic),PLD(ProgrammableLogicDevice).Itisappearedasasemi-customcircuitintheareaofASIC(ApplicationSpecificIntegratedCircuit).Itnotonlyresolvesthelackofcustomcircuitsandshortcomingsofprogrammabledevicestoovercometheoriginalgatealimitednumbertoo.FPGAcancompletetheanyfunctionofdigitaldevices,fromhigh-performanceCPUtosimple74seriescircuit,canbeachievedbyFPGA.FPGAisasapieceofwhitepaperorapileofbuildingblocks,engineerscanmapthetraditionalinputmethodoftheprinciple,orhardwaredescriptionlanguagetodesignadigitalsystemfreely.Throughsoftwaresimulation,wecanadvancetoverifythecorrectnessofthedesign.AfterthecompletionofthePCB,FPGAcanalsobeusedtomodifytheonlineabilitytomodifythedesignatanytimewithouthavingtochangethehardwarecircuit.UsingFPGAtodevelopdigitalcircuits,cansignificantlyshortenthedesigntimeandreducePCBspace,improvesystemreliability.TheseadvantagesofPLDtechnologyenablesPLDtoberapiddevelopmentafterthe90'sthe,butalsogreatlypromotestheEDA(ElectronicDesignAutomatic)softwareandhardwaredescriptionlanguageVHDL(Very-High-SpeedIntegratedCircuitHardwareDescription)progress.WiththesameFPGA,differentprogrammingdata,canproducedifferentcircuitfunctions.Therefore,FPGA'sveryflexibletouse.Designerscanuseitintheofficeorlaboratoryneededforthedesignofapplicationspecificintegratedcircuit,therebysignificantlyreducingtimetomarket,reduceddevelopmentcosts.Inaddition,FPGAalsohasstaticanddynamicre-programmingfeaturesinthesystemreconfiguration,thehardware,assoftwarecanbeprogrammedtomodifythesame.FPGAforitssmallsize,lowpowerconsumption,highstabilityhasbeenwidelyusedinvarioustypesofelectronicproductsdesign.Therefore,FPGAtechnologyisverybroadapplicationprospects.第III页共38页III目录引言..............................................................................................................................................................11系统简介..............................................................................................................................................11.1主要特点.....................................................................................................................................21.2系统配置.....................................................................................................................................22硬件电路设计及原理....................................................................................................................22．1硬件电路整体结构.................................................................................................................22．2设计电路模块及原理............................................................................................................42.2.1电源电路.........................................................................................................................42.2.2滤波电路设计................................................................................................................62.2.3下载编程电路和配置..................................................................................................92.2.4存储器件.....................................................................................................................142.2.5LED指示模块............................................................................................................152.2.6复位模块.....................................................................................................................172.2.7系统时钟模块...........................................................................................................172.2.8接口模块.....................................................................................................................193工程设计............................................................................................................................................203.1Protel99功能简述...............................................................................................................203.2电路原理图设计......................................................................................................................213.3PCB板图的设计...........................