人教版高二（上）课文材料原文

1人教版新教材高二（上）Unit1MakingadifferenceAImaginethis：youaretwenty-oneyearsoldandapromisinggraduatestudentatoneofthetopuniversitiesintheworld．Oneday,yourdoctortellsyouthatyouhaveanincurablediseaseandmaynothavemorethantwelvemonthstolive．Howwouldyoufeel?Whatwouldyoudo?Mostofuswouldprobablyfeelverysadandgiveupourdreamsandhopesforthefuture．HereiswhatStephenHawkingthought：(Theredidnotseem)muchpointinworkingonmyPhD—Ididnotexpecttosurvivethatlong．YettwoyearshadgonebyandIwasnotthatmuchworse．Infact,thingsweregoingratherwellformeandIhadgotengagedtoaverynicegirl,JaneWilde．Butinordertogetmarried,Ineededajob，andinordertogetajob，IneededaPhD．Insteadofgivingup，Hawkingwentonwithhisresearch，gothisPhDandmarriedJane．Nordidheletthediseasestophimfromlivingthekindoflifehehadalwaysdreamtof．Hecontinuedhisexplorationoftheuniverseandtraveledaroundtheworldtogivelectures．In2002，HawkingvisitedChinaandspoketouniversitystudentsinHangzhouandBeijing．Ashisdiseasehasdisabledhim，Hawkinghastositinhisnow-famouswheelchairandspeakthroughacomputer．Hetoldthestudentsabouthistheoriesandthoughtsonsomeofthegreatestquestions：Whatistime，howdidtheuniversebegin，andwhatexactlyareblackholes?Hawkingbecamefamousintheearly1970s，whenheandAmericanRogerPenrosemadenewdiscoveriesabouttheBigBangandblackholes．Sincethen，Hawkinghascontinuedtoseekanswerstoquestionsaboutthenatureoftheuniverse．In1988，hewroteABriefHistoryofTime，whichquicklybecameabest-seller．Readerswerepleasedandsurprisedtofindthatascientistcouldwriteabouthisworkinawaythatordinarypeoplecouldunderstand．Inthebook．Hawkingexplainsbothwhatitmeanstobeascientistandhowscienceworks．Hetellsreadershowdiscoveriesaremadeandhowtheychangetheworld．Science，accordingtoHawking，isoftenmisunderstood：peopleoftenthinkthatscienceisabout“true”factsthatneverchange．Scientists，ontheotherhand，Hawkingwrites，knowthattheirjobisneverfinishedandthateventhebesttheorycanturnouttobewrong．Ascientifictheoryistheresultofthescientificmethod．Scientistslookattheworldandtrytodescribeandexplainwhattheysee．First，theycarefullyobservewhattheyareinterestedin．Toexplainwhattheyhaveseen，theybuildatheoryaboutthewayinwhichthingshappenandthecausesandeffects．Finally，thescientiststestthetheorytoseeifitmatcheswhattheyhaveseenandifitcanpredictfutureevents．IfwhattheyareobservingCanbetestedinapracticalway，scientistswilluseexperiments．Butif,likeHawking，theyarestudyingsomethingthatistoolargeortoodifficulttoobservedirectly，theywilluseamodeltotestthetheory．PeoplewholistentoHawking’slecturessometimesfinditdifficultto2understandhim，becausehisthoughtsandideasoftenseemaslargeastheuniverseheistryingtodescribe．Thespeechcomputerisnottheproblem．Infact，peoplewhohearitoftensayitsoundsjustlikeahumanvoice．Hawkingishappywithit,too．“Theonlytrouble，”saysHawking，whoisBritish,“isthatitgivesmeanAmericanaccent．”Ⅰ.Choosethebestanswertoeachquestion．1.Readthequoteinthetextagain．WhenwasStephenHawkingtoldabouthisdisease?A.Twelvemonthsearlier.B.Whenhewasgettingmarried.C.Twoyearsearlier.D.WhenhemetJaneWilde.2.AccordingtoHawking，scienceis________________．A.nevertrueB.alwayschangingC.alwaystrue3.Ascientifictheoryisgoodif_______________．A.itisdifficultB.itCanbetestedC.itCanpredictfutureeventsⅡ.Answerthefollowingquestions．1.AccordingtoHawking，howdopeoplemisunderstandscience?2.Whatarethebasicstepsofthescientificmethod?3.WhatisitthatHawkingdoesnotlikeabouthisspeechcomputer?BMakingadifferenceItisnotnecessarytobeagreatscientisttomakeadifference，buttherearethingswecanlearnfromthebestmindsinthisworld．GreatscientistslikeStephenHawkingalwayswanttoknowmore．Theyareneversatisfiedwithasimpleanswerandarealwayslookingfornewquestions．TheItalianastronomerGalileoGalileiwassocuriousthatheusedamicroscopeandatelescopeinordertobeabletotakeacloserlookatthingsbothgreatandsmall．Byaskingwhy，howandwhatif,curiousmindsfindnewideasandsolutions．Ifknowledgeispower,asSirFrancisBaconwrotein1597，thenperhapscreativitycanbedescribedastheabilitytousethatpower．Scientistsmustbecreativeandusetheirimaginationallthetime．WhenZhangHeng，theChineseastronomerandgeographer,wantedtodrawamapoftheheavens，hewasnotsatisfiedwithasimplepapermap．Instead，hebuiltamodelthatcouldmoveinordertoshowhowthepositionofthestarschangedfromseasontoseason．Wemustbelieveinwhatwedo，evenwhenothersdonot．BothGalileoandZhangHengfounditdifficulttomakepeoplebelievethattheirtheorieswerecorrect．PeoplelaughedatZhangHengwhenhefirstintroducedhisseismograph,anditwasonlylaterthattheworldrecognisedhisgreatness．Galileo’sobservationsshowthatCopernicus，anothergreatastronomer,wasrightandthattheearthmovesaroundthesun，nottheotherwayaround．Atthattime，thechurchsaidthattheearthwasthecentreoftheuniverseandGalileowasnotallowedtopublishordiscusshisobservations．Today,bothZhangHengandGalileoareknownasscientificpioneerswhohelpedusbetterunderstandtheworld．Perhapsthemostimportantthingifwewanttomakeadifferenceistofind3somethingthatweliketodoandthatwearegoodat．Knowingwhowearemeansknowinghowwethinkandwhatweliketodo．Everyonehashisorherspecialskillsandinterests，andonlybydiscoveringwhatwedobestcanwehopetoreachourgoal