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摘要摘要近年来随着计算机技术的发展和后PC时代来临，嵌入式技术已经成为工业生产和科研实验中不可或缺的重要组成部分。另一方面，数据采集则是信号与信息处理的关键，在军工和民用中得到了广泛应用。两者的相互结合，将是未来自动控制领域的发展趋势。因为将嵌入式技术引入到数据采集系统中，不但大大提高了系统的实时性和灵活性，而且还能满足日益提高的自动测量需求。本文的研究正是基于上述考虑而进行的基于ARM的嵌入式数据采集与显示系统研制。在兼顾通用性和可扩展性的条件下，设计了以ARM处理器和可编程逻辑器件FPGA为核心的数据采集系统。该系统主要由两个部分组成：系统主控核心板和实现各外围功能的扩展板。核心板由微处理器ARM、扩展内存以及直流电源模块组成，主要用来控制各相关外围功能器件的正常工作；扩展板主要由可编程逻辑器件FPGA、模数转换器、显示器接口以及串口等组成，可进行多通道多参数的采集、存储、传送和显示。软件设计上，编写了Bootloader，完成了基于Xmodem协议的传输方式，开发了触摸屏和彩色LCD的驱动程序，移植了uC/GUI图形用户界面，实现了抢占式实时操作系统uC/OS-II在该平台上的运行。最后对采集到的数据进行了基于小波变换的数字信号处理，得到了满意结果。关键词：嵌入式系统；ARM；数据采集；FPGA；小波变换；AbstractDevelopmentofembeddeddataacquisitionanddisplayingsystembasedonARMZhangLeiDirectedbyProf.JiangHaiheWiththedevelopmentofcomputertechnologyandafter-PCtimescoming,theembeddedtechnologyplaysveryimportantrolesinbothindustrialproductionandscientificexperiment.Ontheotherhand,Dataacquisitionisthekeyprocedureininformationandsignalprocessing,andhasbeenappliedwidelyinbothwarindustryandcivil.Embeddedsystemisoneoftheleading-edgetechnologiesnowadays.Itcanbeusedtoenhancereal-timefeatureandflexibilityofthesystem,soastomeettheincreasingautomatemeasurementneeds.ThestudyofembeddeddataacquisitionsystembasedonARMissuchacase.Consideringuniversalityandexpansibility,wehavedesignedthisdataacquisitionsystem,mainlybasedonARMprocessorandFPGA.Thesystemconsistsoftwomainparts:mainboardandperipheralboard.Thefunctionofmainboardistocontrolperipheralparts,andthemainboardiscomposedofARM,extendedmemoryandDCpower.ThenthereareFPGA,ADC,interfaceofLCDandUARTintheperipheralboard,whichisusedtoacquire,store,transmitanddisplaydata.Insoftwaredesign,BootloaderandprotocolbasedonXmodemhavebeenfinished.Inaddition,thedriversofthetouchscreenandLCDhavebeenalsodeveloped.Thefriendlyman-machineinterfaceisobtainedbyusingtheuC/GUI.Furthermore,theuC/OS-II,asareal-timepreemptivemultitaskingoperatingsystem,hasbeentransplantedtothehardwareplatform.Intheend,wavelettransformationisappliedtoresolveoverlappeddatasignalandasatisfyingresulthasbeenachieved.KeyWords:Embeddedsystem;ARM;Dataacquisition;FPGA;Wavelettransformation;目录目录摘要..............................................................iiAbstract..........................................................iii第一章绪论........................................................11.1选题背景...............................................................11.2论文研究的主要内容.....................................................21.3论文的创新点及研究目标.................................................21.4本论文的组织结构.......................................................3第二章系统的总体设计...............................................42.1系统控制的总体设计.....................................................42.2系统的电路模块介绍.....................................................42.2.1离子迁移谱模块电路介绍...........................................52.2.2嵌入式控制系统电路介绍...........................................62.3嵌入式控制器总体设计...................................................72.4本章小结...............................................................8第三章基于ARM的数据采集系统硬件设计...............................93.1核心板电路设计.........................................................93.1.1S3C44B0X微处理器................................................93.1.2S3C44B0X存储系统...............................................103.1.3ROM接口电路....................................................103.1.4RAM接口电路....................................................123.1.5系统电源设计....................................................133.1.6晶振及复位电路..................................................133.1.7JTAG接口电路...................................................143.1.8触摸屏接口电路..................................................153.2扩展板电路设计........................................................163.2.1系统电源电路....................................................163.2.2UART接口电路...................................................183.2.3FPGA控制电路...................................................183.2.4LCD接口电路....................................................203.2.5模数转换电路....................................................223.2.6数模转换电路....................................................253.2.7数字I/O口电路..................................................263.3本章小结..............................................................26第四章系统软件设计................................................274.1ARM引导程序设计......................................................274.1.1Bootloader程序设计.............................................274.1.2Xmodem传输协议实现.............................................324.2控制系统主体软件设计..................................................344.2.1移植uC/OS-II操作系统...........................................354.2.2FPGA控制ADC的程序设计.........................................41基于ARM的嵌入式数据采集与显示系统研制4.2.3应用控制程序的实现..............................................454.3图形用户界面uC/GUI的移植.............................................454.3.1设备驱动程序....................................................464.3.2系统界面设计....................................................494.4本章小节...........................................................