动词ing的变化规则

1动词的第三人称单数的变化规则1、一般情况下，动词后面直接加-s.work-worksget-getssay-saysread-reads2、以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，把y变为i再加-es.例如：study-studiestry-triescarry-carriesfly-fliescry-cries3、以ch,sh,s,x,o结尾的动词,在后面加-es。go-goesteach-teacheswash-washesbrush-brushescatch-catchesdo-doesfix-fixes动词ing的变化规则1.一般动词直接加–inggo---goingwork---workinglook---looking2.以-y结尾的动词，直接加-ingsay---sayingenjoy---enjoyingcry---cryingcarry---carryingstudy---studying3.以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y再加–ingdie---dying,lie---lying,tie---tying4.以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e加–ingmake-makingwrite-writinglove-writinghate-hatinghope-hopingtake-takingsave-savingbreathe-breathingproduce-producing注意：be-beingsee-seeingagree-agreeing5.以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要双写这一辅音字母，再加-ing。begin-beginningadmit-admittingsit-sittingfit-fittinghit-hittingprefer-preferringswim-swimmingshop-shoppingcut-cuttingget-gettingforget-forgettingspit-spittingshut-shuttingstop-stoppingplan-planningdig-diggingdrop-droppingstep-stepping注意：blow-blowinggrow-growingdraw-drawingbow-bowingshow-showingknow-knowing2动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则规则变化：1.一般在动词词尾直接加ed。如：pick---picked---pickedwish---wished---wished2.以不发音的e结尾的动词后加d。make–maked–makedlike–liked–likedhope–hoped–hopedphone–phoned–phoned3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变y为i,再加-ed。study–studied–studiedhurry–hurried–hurriedreply–replied–replied4.以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要双写该辅音字母，再加–ed。stop–stopped–stoppedshop–shopped-shoppedplan–planned–planneddrop–dropped–dropped不规则变化：(常见如下，需同学们识记)1.AAAcost–cost–cost花费cut–cut–cut割，切hit–hit–hit打let–let–let让put–put–put放下read–read–read读hurt–hurt–hurt伤2.ABBburn–burnt–burnt燃烧learn–learned/learnt–learned/learnt学习mean–meant–meant意思hear–heard–heard听见build–built–built建筑lend–lent–lent借给lose–lost–lost失去send–sent–sent送spend–spent–spent花费pay–paid–paid付lay–laid–laid下蛋say–said–said说bring–brought–brought带来buy–bought–bought买think–though–tthought想sleep–slept–slept睡keep–kept–kept保持sweep–swept–swept扫stand–stood–stood站understand–understood–understood明白win–wo–nwon得胜shine–shone/shined–shone/shined发光catch–caught–caught抓住teach–taught–taught教feel–felt–felt觉得fight–fought–fought战斗find–found–found发现get–got–got得到hang–hanged/hung–hanged/hung绞死，挂have–had–had有hold–held–held盛，握leave–left–left离开make–made–made制造meet–met–met遇见sell–sold–sold卖shoot–shot–shot射击tell–told–told告诉smell–smelt/smelled–smelt/smelled嗅，闻sit–sat–sat坐dig–dug–dug挖3.ABC3eat–ate–eaten吃fall–fell–fallen落下steal–stole–stolen偷give–gave–given给freeze–froze–frozen冻结take–took–taken拿see–saw–seen看见write–wrote–written写ride–rode–ridden骑drive–drove–driven驾驶throw–threw–thrown抛，扔blow–blew–blown吹grow–grew–grown生长know–knew–known知道fly–flew–flown飞draw–drew–drawn绘画show–showed–shown展示speak–spoke–spoke说话break–broke–broken破碎，折断wake–waked/woke–waked/waken醒choose–chose–chosen选择forget–forgot–forgotten忘记begin–began–begun开始ring–rang–rung按铃sing–sang–sung唱sink–sank–sunk沉swim–swam–swum游泳drink–drank–drunk饮be(are)–were–been是do–did–done做go–went–gone去wear–worn–worn穿lie–lay–lain躺be(am,is)–was/were–been4.ABAcome–came–come来become–became–become变run–ran–run跑5.AABbeat–beat–beaten打可数名词复数的变化规则1、一般加-s,如:map-mapscar-cars2、以辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i,加-es;baby-babies,family-families3、以f,fe结尾的名词，通常变f或fe为v,再加-es;如:leaf-leaves,wife-wives,life-lives,thief-thieves;注:belief-beliefs（信心）,roof-roofs（屋顶）safe-safes（保险箱）,gulf-gulfs（海湾）4、以sh,ch,s,x结尾的名词，结尾的加-es;dish-disheswatch-watches5、以o结尾的名词，变复数时：a.加s,(无生命的)photo—photos,piano—pianos,kilo-kilos,radio—radios,zoo—zoos；b.加es,(有生命的)potato—potatoes，tomato—tomatoes,hero—heroes形容词变副词的变化规则1、一般情况下直接加“ly”4quick-quicklyrecent-recently2、以“y”结尾的,如发音为/i/,先将y改成i,再加“ly”，如happy-happily如发音为/ai/,直接加-ly,如dry-drylyshy-shyly3、以“辅音字母+le”结尾的，去e加ypossible-possiblyterrible-terriblysimple-simplyconsiderable-considerablygentle-gently..4、以“元音字母+不发音的e”结尾的，去e加lytrue-truly注意：polite-politelyfortunate-fortunatelyimmediate-immediatelywise-wiselynice-nicelywide-widely形容词副词的比较级和最高级变化规则规则变化：1、一般单音节词末尾加-er和-est，（以不发音的e结尾的只加-r;-st）大多数双音节和多音节词都在单词前面加more和moststrong-stronger-strongestnice-nicer-niceststrange-stranger-strangestbeautiful-morebeautiful-mostbeautiful2、闭音节单音节词，且末尾只有一个辅音字母结尾的，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er和-esthot-hotter-hottestthin-thinner-thinnestbig-bigger-biggestfat-fatter-fattest3、少数以-ow;-er结尾的双音节词，加-er,-estnarrow-narrower-narrowestclever-cleverer-cleverest4、以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词，先y变成i，再加-er；-esthappy-happier-happiestangry-angrier-angriestearly-earlier-earliest5、由“形容词+ly”构成的副词,在词前加more-;most-slowly-moreslowly-mostslowly不规则变化：well/good-better-bestill/bad-worse-worstmuch/many-more-mostlittle-less-leastold-older/elder-oldest/eldestfar-farther/further-farthest/furthest