Unit2Workingtheland说基础课前预习读教材一、重点单词1.statisticn.统计;统计数字2.strugglen.斗争3.hungern.饥饿hungryadj.饥饿的hungrilyadv.饥饿地4.freedomn.自由freeadj.自由的freelyadv.自由地5.nationalityn.国籍nationaladj.国家的nationn.国家6.occupationn.职业;占领occupyvt.占领7.regretn.遗憾regretvt.惋惜regretfuladj.遗憾的8.productionn.生产producevt.&vi.生产producern.生产者9.discoveryn.发现discovervt.发现discoverern.发现者10.expandvt.使变大11.circulatev.循环;流传circulationn.循环12.equipvt.装备equipmentn.设备13.exportvt.出口exportationn.出口14.underlinevt.划线;标出;强调15.chemicaladj.化学的chemistryn.化学chemicallyadv.化学地二、必备短语1.strugglefor为……而斗争2.inthepastdecades在过去的几十年里3.hungerfor渴求4.searchfor搜寻5.thanksto多亏,由于6.getridof摆脱,除去7.besatisfiedwith对……感到满意的8.wouldrather宁愿,宁可9.evenif尽管,即使10.carefor喜欢,愿意,照顾11.dreamof梦想12.buildup逐渐增强,建立13.inaddition除此之外,另外14.turnto转向,求助于15.focuson集中(注意力,精力)于……三、经典句式1.Thisspecialstrainofricemakesitpossibletoproduceonethirdmoreofthecropinthesamefields.这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获1/3的产量。2.Usinghishybridrice,farmersareproducingharveststwiceaslargeasbefore.用他的杂交水稻种子,农民们种出比以前多一倍的粮食。3.Hewouldmuchratherkeeptimeforhishobbies.他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上。说考点拓展延伸串知识第一讲重点单词1.strugglen.努力;奋斗;斗争;挣扎vi.斗争;挣扎Thestrugglebetweenthetwoteamswashard.这两个队之间的斗争很艰苦。Whenhepassed,hesawalittleboystrugglinginthewater.他路过时看到一个小孩在水中挣扎。Thewoundedsoldierstruggledintheforest.受伤的士兵在森林中艰难地行进。短语归纳struggleforsth.为争取……而奋斗strugglewith/against同……作斗争struggletoone'sfeet挣扎着站起来Thehumanbeingstruggleswithhisenvironment.人类和环境竞争。Hedevotedhislifetostrugglingforfreedomforall.他一生致力于为争取所有人的自由而斗争。Thelionmadeasuddenangrynoiseandstruggledtoitsfeet.狮子突然发出一阵怒吼,挣扎着站了起来。即境活用RosaParkswasrespectedbytheblackpeoplebecauseshehadbeenstruggling________equalityallherlife.A.withB.againstC.inD.for答案D解析struggleforsth.为争取……而奋斗。2.equipvt.&vi.装备;配备;使有准备;使有资格1beequippedwith...=equip...with...用……装备……2equipsth.on...在……上装备某物3equipsb.for...使某人具有……4apieceofequipmentfor...一件……的设备Wecan'taffordtoequipthearmyproperly.我们无力使军队得到适当的装备。Theyequippedthemselveswithapairofsharpaxesandsetofffortheforest.他们带上两把锋利的斧子便朝森林走去。Youreducationwillequipyouforyourfuturelife.你(所受)的教育将使你能适应今后的生活。Havinganticipatedtheproblems,Iwaswellequippedtodealwiththesituation.由于预先考虑到了这些问题,我有充分的准备去处理局势。即境活用Theexplorersweretoldto________themselveswitheverythingtheywouldneedforthevoyage.A.associateB.equipC.relateD.feed答案B解析equip...with...用……装备……。3.confusevt.使迷惑;使为难Theyconfusedmebytheirconflictingadvice.他们的建议相互矛盾,把我弄糊涂了。YouconfusedAustraliawithAustria.你把澳大利亚和奥地利搞混了。Hisgranddaughterconfusedthepapersonhisdesk.他的孙女把他书桌上的书信文件弄乱了。confuseAwithB把A和B混淆beconfusedinmind心烦意乱be/become/getconfusedwithone'sblunder因做错事而发慌/窘,不知所措即境活用Iwasso________intoday'shistorylesson.Ididn'tunderstandathing.A.amazedB.neglectedC.confusedD.amused答案C解析句意:今天的历史课我很迷惑,什么都不懂。4.reducevt.缩减,减少;降低,使……陷入某种地步reducesth.to...减少到……reducesth.by...减少了……reducesb.fromsth.tosth.降职,reducesb./sth.fromsth.tosth.=bereducedto...使某人或者某物陷入某种通常指更坏的状态或状况中。常用于被动语态中Nowthecostofabikehasbeenreducedfrom80dollarsto50dollars.现在一辆自行车的成本已从80美元降至了50美元。Thenumberofsmokersthereissaidtohavebeenreducedby30%.据说那里的吸烟人数已减少了30%。Lifeinthecitywashardandmanypeoplewerereducedtobeggingonthestreets.城市生活非常的艰难,许多人都沦落到沿街乞讨的地步。Thereformhasreducedustoservantsofthestate.这一改革把我们都降为公务员了。即境活用—Thecarsgiveoffagreatdealofwastegasintoair.—Yes.ButI'msuresomethingwillbedoneto________theairpollution.A.reduceB.removeC.collectD.warn答案A解析reducetheairpollution减少空气污染。5.commentn.评论,议论vi.&vt.表达意见,做出评论Hemadenocommentsonourproposal.他对我们的建议没有作评论。Hisconductatsocialgatheringscreatedalotofcomment.他在社交聚会上的表现引起许多闲话。Hecommentedthatheractingwassuperb.他评论说,她的演技精湛。▲commenton/about=makecommentsonsth.对……作评论即境活用Thedirectormadenocomments________hisnewfilm.A.onB.toC.forD.in答案A解析makecommenton对……作评论。6.expandvt.&vi.使变大;伸展;阐述expandinto/to使扩大,变大expandon/upon阐述;详谈,进一步说明expansionn.扩张;膨胀;扩大;发展expansiveadj.友善健谈的;面积广阔的,辽阔的)易混辨析expand,extend,spread与stretch,expand展开,扩大,不仅指尺寸的增加,还可指范围和体积的扩大。extend伸出,延伸,指空间范围的扩大,以及长度、宽度的朝外延伸,也可指时间的延长。spread伸开,传播,一般指向四面八方扩大传播的范围,如传播疾病,散布信息等。stretch伸展,拉长,一般指由曲变直、由短变长的伸展,不是加长,也可指“伸展四肢”。易混辨析expand,extend,spread与stretch,expand展开,扩大,不仅指尺寸的增加,还可指范围和体积的扩大。extend伸出,延伸,指空间范围的扩大,以及长度、宽度的朝外延伸,也可指时间的延长。spread伸开,传播,一般指向四面八方扩大传播的范围,如传播疾病,散布信息等。stretch伸展,拉长,一般指由曲变直、由短变长的伸展,不是加长,也可指“伸展四肢”。即境活用Iron________whenit'sheated.A.extendsB.spreadsC.widensD.expands答案D解析句意:铁受热时会膨胀。expand指由于内部或外部的力量而使物体扩大;extend指时间与空间的延伸,范围的扩大;spread指物体的表面或地域上的扩展,消息的传播;widen“加宽,变宽”。7.thereforeadv.因此,所以;因而1therefore可放在现在分词之前,引导表示结果的状语。2表示结果,类似的还有:thus因而,consequently所以,accordingly因此,asaresult结果等。Thedollarhasgonedownagainsttheyen,thereforeJapanesegoodsaremoreexpensiveforAmericans.美元兑日元的汇率下跌了,因此日本商品对美国人来说涨价了。I'veneverbeentoChinaandthereforeIdon'tknowmuchaboutit.我没去过中国,所以知道的不多。易混辨析①therefore不能连接两个并列分句,其前面常用分号或句号。②soconj.表示结果,意为“因而,所以,那么,这样看来”adv.表示程度,意为“如此,那么,非常,很”;也可以表示方式,意为“这样,那样,如此”,连接两个并列分句,注意because与so不能搭配使用。Hebroketherulesofourschool;thereforehewascriticized.他违反了校规,因此受到了批评。Hewasbadlyill,sohedidn'tcome.=Becausehewasbadlyill,hedidn'tcome.他病得很厉害,因此他没来。即境活用Wehaven'tcometoanagreement.Weshall,________,returntothediscussionnextweek.A.anyhowB.thereforeC