小学阶段英语语法大全

小学阶段英语语法大全名词一、可数名词与不可数名词的区别普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的，这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体，如worker,farmer,desk,factory等)和集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物，如people,family等)。如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的，这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质，如meat,rice,water,milk,orange等)和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如work,homework,time,health,friendship等)。二、可数名词可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式；指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下：1.一般的名词词尾直接加-s。如：book→booksroom→roomshouse→housesday→days2.以s,ss,ch,sh,x结尾的名词，在词尾加-es。如：bus→busesglass→glasseswatch→watchesdish→dishesbox→boxes3.以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，要先将y改为i再加-es。如：city→citiesbody→bodiesfactory→factories等等。4.以f或fe结尾的名词，要将f或fe改为v再加-es。如：half→halvesleaf→leavesknife→kniveswife→wives5.特例[悄悄话：特例常常考，要记住。]①child→children②man→menwoman→womenpoliceman→policemenpolicewoman-policewomen③tomato→tomatoespotato→potatoes[悄悄话：初中英语以o结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es，其余的当然加-s喽！如：photo→photos]④foot→feettooth→teeth[悄悄话：oo变成ee。]⑤mouse-mice⑥fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese单、复数同形[悄悄话：变复数时词形不变。]⑦people单数形式表示复数意义，要求谓语动词用复数；people的复数形式peoples通常指多个民族。三、不可数名词1.不可数名词没有复数，当它作句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Thefoodisveryfresh.食品很新鲜。2.有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词，有复数形式，但他们的意义发生变化。如：water(水)→waters(水域)orange(橘汁)→oranges(橘子)3.很多的不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数，表示种类时就可数，但意义多不发生变化。如：fruit→fruitsfood→foodsfish→fisheshair→hairs写出下列各词的复数I_________him_________this___________her______watch_______child_______photo________diary______day________foot________book_______dress________tooth_______sheep______box_______strawberry_____thief_______yo-yo______peach______sandwich______man______woman_______paper_______juice___________water________milk________rice__________tea__________用所给名词的适当形式填空。1.Howmany________(sheep)arethereonthehill?2.Thereissome________(food)inthebasket.3.Thebabyhasonlytwo________(tooth)now.4.Thereisalotof________(water)inthebottle.5.Therearefive________(people)inhisfamily.6.Let'stake________(photo),OK?7.Ihavelotsof________(tomato)here.8.The________(leaf)onthetreeturn-yellow.9.The________(child)areplayinggamesontheplaygroundnow.10.Their________(dictionary)looknew.11.Iseeyouhaveafewwhite________(hair).12.Theyare________(woman)doctors.13.Canyougivemesomebottlesof____(orange),please?14.Therearemany________(fox)inthepicture.15.Iwouldlikesomeapple________(juice).Iamverythirsty.一般现在时一般现在时的功能1.表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与always，often，usually，everyday，sometimes等连用。如：Igetupatsixeveryday.我每天六点起床。2.表示客观事实。如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。3.用在格言或谚语中。如：Knowledgeispower.知识就是力量。一般现在时的构成1.be动词：陈述句：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：Iamaboy.我是一个男孩。否定句：主语+be+not+其它。如：Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be+主语+其它。如：-Areyouastudent?-Yes.Iam./No,I'mnot.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Whereismybike?2.行为动词：陈述句：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时，要在动词后加-s或-es。如：MarylikesChinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。否定句：主语+don't(doesn't)+动词原形(+其它)。如：Idon'tlikebread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。如：Hedoesn'toftenplay.一般疑问句：Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。如：Doyouoftenplayfootball?Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：Doesshegotoworkbybike?Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn't.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Howdoesyourfathergotowork?第三人称单数动词+s的变化规则1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks,milk-milks2．以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：study-studies一般现在时练习：一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数drink________go_______stay________make________look_________have_______pass_______carry____come________watch______teach_______plant_______fly________study_______do_________二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.Heoften________(have)dinnerathome.2.DanielandTommy_________(be)inClassOne.3.We_________(notwatch)TVonMonday.4.Nick_________(notgo)tothezooonSunday.5.________they__________(like)theWorldCup?6.What_________theyoften_________(do)onSaturdays?7._________yourparents_________(read)newspaperseveryday?8.Thegirl_________(teach)usEnglishonSundays.9.SheandI__________(take)awalktogethereveryevening.10.There__________(be)somewaterinthebottle.11.Mike_________(like)cooking.12.They_________(have)thesamehobby.13.Myaunt_________(look)afterherbabycarefully.14.Youalways_________(do)yourhomeworkwell.15.I_________(be)ill.I’mstayinginbed.16.She_________(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.17.LiuTao_________(do)notlikePE.18.Thechildoften_________(watch)TVintheevening.19.SuHaiandSuYang_________(have)eightlessonsthisterm.20.－Whatday_________(be)ittoday?－It’sSaturday.三、按照要求改写句子1.DanielwatchesTVeveryevening.(改为否定句)___________________________________________________2.Idomyhomeworkeveryday.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)________________________________________________________3.Shelikesmilk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)_______________________________________________________4.Amylikesplayingcomputergames.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)________________________________________________________5.Wegotoschooleverymorning.(改为否定句)_______________________________________________________6.HespeaksEnglishverywell.(改为否定句)___________________________________________________7.Iliketakingphotosinthepark.(对划线部分提问)________________________________________________________8.JohncomesfromCanada.(对划线部分提问)___________________________________________________9.Sheisalwaysagoodstudent.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)___________________________________________