压电变压器介绍

Piezoelectricity:AbriefofhistoryPiezoelectricTransformersTRANSONER•PiezoelectricityderivesfromtheGreekword“piezein”=topress.•Firsthumancontact:“StoneAge”:useof‘flint”,avarietyofquartz,toproducefirebycreatingamechanicalimpactorfriction.Beforetheinventionofmatchesthismaterialcontinuedbeingusedasalighterknockingitagainstiron.•1880-81,PierreandJacquesCuriediscoveredthedirect(1880)andtheinverseeffects(1881)inquartzcrystals.•1917,duringWWI,PaulLangevindevelopedaquartz-basedtransducertogenerateanddetectacousticwavesinwater.SONARandULTRASONICS•Piezo-oscillator(frequencycontrolbyquartzcrystals):A.M.Nicholson(BellTelephoneLaboratories)andProf.W.G.Cady(WesleyanUniversity).•1923theBellTelephoneLaboratoriesestablisheda“Quartzlaboratory”,andGeneralElectricCompanydidlikewisethefollowingyear.•1939TheUSArmedServicesmadethedecisiontomakelargescaleuseof“crystalcontrol”inmilitarycommunicationsystems.DuringtheWWIItheUSaloneusedabout50millionquartzcrystalelements.Quartz:FrequencycontrolandhighlyselectiveelectricwavefiltersQUARTZPiezoelectricTransformersTRANSONER•1946:PiezoelectriceffectisfoundinBariumTitanate.HoweverBaTiO3isferroelectricandpiezoelectricbelow120O.•PbNb2O6andPb(Ti,Zr)O3:DiscoveredinJapanearlyinthe1950s.Thesematerialsareusableatleastto250o.•1954BernardJaffereportedthepropertiesofthePZTsolidsolutionandVernitronCorp.gotthe(CleviteCompanyMorganMatrocInc.)•InUSA,thePiezo-industrywasdominatedbyindustrialgroupswithstrongpatents=‘secrecypolicy’•InJapan,severalcompaniesanduniversitiesformeda‘competitivelycooperative’associationestablishedastheBariumTitanateApplicationResearchCommittee,in1951.•Beginningin1965Japanesecommercialenterprisesbegantoreapthebenefitsofsteadyapplicationandmaterialsdevelopmentwork.•1980-Present:ThecommercialsuccessoftheJapaneseeffortshasattractedtheworld-wideinterestforthistechnologyandspurredanewefforttodevelopsuccessfulpiezoceramicproducts.Piezoelectricity:AbriefhistoryCERAMICSLowVoltageMechanicalVibration(Resonance)HighVoltageInverseEffectDirectEffectHowdotheyoperate?.Resonance010203040506070InputImpedanceopencircuitconditionsImpedance[Ohms]1stlongitudinalmode(fundamental)3rdlongitudinalmode100200300400500600Frequency[kHz]-100-80-60-40-200204060Phase[Degrees]fRfAtLQssgd4tLQkk4UUrmE33E1133312m33312inoutBackgroundonPiezoelectricTransformersPiezoelectricTransformersTRANSONERINPUTOUPUTPiezoelectricBodyPPLOADOpenCircuitTransformationRatioPiezoelectricTransformersTRANSONERFamilyPhotosBackgroundonPiezoelectricTransformers(PTs)Rosen:FirstPatentonPTsBerlincourt:Ballastforgaseousdischargelamp(VermitronCorp.)PTsforTVreceivers–HVforcathoderay.(DenjiOnkyoLimited,Matsushita,Motorola,RCACorp.)PTsfortriggeringpowerswitchesgateswithgalvanicdecoupling(Triacs,Tiristors,Mosfets,etc.):Siemens,GeneralElectric.PTsforbacklightCCFLinlap-topcomputers.(NEC,Murata,Matsushita,Taiheiyo,Tamura,Motorola,Tokin,etc.)195870’s70s80s85stopresentPTsforpowerapplications:Powerconverters(Face,NEC)Currenttarget5W50W100W220W1kV10V5kV10kVMaterialImprovementsDimensionalRedesignModularDesignPowerDelivery[W]OutputVoltage[Vp]Step-upratio50-100InputVoltageinCCFLapplicat.(NEC,Tokin,Murata,etc)JAPAN(1985-2000)ImprovementsUSA1958Rosen-typePPT6T1T3USA1998TRANSONERTECHNOLOGY(FaceInter.Corp)BackgroundonPiezoelectricTransformersPiezoelectricTransformersTRANSONERPowerTransoner®Type-1SpecificationsIsolatingNon-IsolatingPowerUpto80WUpto80WFrequency60kHzto200kHz60kHzto200kHzGain1:15to1:181:15to1:60IsolationVoltage35kV+NAEfficiencyUpto98+%Upto99+%Thickness—mm0.787-10.160.787-10.16Diameter—mm6.35-30.06.35-30.0TypeT1:PowerTransonerTransoner:TypesandspecificationsPiezoelectricTransformersTRANSONERTypicalPowerTransoner®Type-1DevicesTypicalHighVoltageTransoner®Type-6DevicesSpecificationsTypeT6:ExtremelyHighPowerTransonerLinearFluorescentBallastIsolatingNon-IsolatingTBD110WTBD74kHz–111kHzTBD1.5ATBD1:1to1:1035kV+NATBD98+%11.7–13.211.7–13.2Power(max)Frequency(range)CurrentOut(max)GainIsolationVoltageEfficiency(max)Thickness—mmDiameter—mm6.35–30.06.35–30.0Transoner:TypesandspecificationsPiezoelectricTransformersTRANSONERIntegrationScalabletoverylowprofileandfootprintTransoner®sizescanbereducedtomini-sizes5mmTransoner®Transoner:TypesandspecificationsPiezoelectricTransformersTRANSONERPiezoelectricTransformersTRANSONERHVGENERATIONTOPOWERCONVERSTION85topresent199219972000Piezoelectricforback-lightCCFL(Murata,NEC,Matsushita,Taiheiyo,Tamura,Motorola,Tokin,etc).NECrecognizedthatthethicknessPThadsignificantproblemswiththeefficiency.Alsothehighdrivingfrequencyintroduced“other”problemsinthedrivingcircuitry.Theythenstartedtoworkinthe“LongitudinalvibrationmodePT”.Thegeneraladviceoftheexpertsofthefieldisthatthetendencyonpiezoelectricapplicationsisinthesideofthe“power-based”applications.NECstartedtoinvestigatetheapplicationofpiezoelectrictransformersforpowerapplications,Theydevelopedinitiallythe“ThicknessmodeTransformer”(1-2MHzbutlowefficiency)Whatistherestoftheworldtryingtodo?PiezoelectricTransformersTRANSONERMagneticwiredtransformerMagneticplanartran