USelectoralsystem美国选举制度

AmericanPresidentialElectionPreparedby:MayStartwiththeConstitution(宪法)quadrennialTheElectionDayistheTuesdaybetweenNovember2ndand8th(thelastone:Nov.4th2008;thenextone:Nov6th,2012）CandidatesforPresidentandVice-PresidentRunTogether.(Inmostcases,thepresidentialcandidateselectavice-presidentialcandidatehimself.)TheConstitutionstatesthatsuffragecannotbedeniedongroundsofrace,color,sexorage.BasicintroductionContentPresidentialJobDescriptionPresidentialElectionSystemProcessofpresidentialelectionFactorsinfluencingturnoutNegativeimpactofAmericanpresidentialelectionWhatwecanlearnfromAmericanpresidentialelectionTerms:NomorethantwotermsortenyearsRewardsofpresident$200,000ayearLivinginWhiteHouseCampDavidasaretreatFleetsofaircraftandcarsAgenerouspensionMoneyforanofficeandstaffafterretirementPresidentialJobDescription党间领导国内政策的领导行政领导对外政策的领导军事能力象征性的领导（四）总统选举程序提名程序(nominationprocess)总统候选人竞选正式选举(generalelection)primaryelction党的全国代表大会procedureFebJuneJulyAugSepNovDecnextJan选举人投票(electoralvoting)12月份第二个星期三后的第一个星期一大选日选民投票(votingonElectionDay)11月份第一个星期一后的第一个星期二国会两院联席会议上计票(electoralvotescounting)、宣布大选结果declareelectionresults1月20日宣誓就职nomination（1）1790-1824年的国会党团会议提名制（2）1831-1968年的全国代表大会提名制（3）1968年至今的预选提名制PresidentialElectionSystemElectionsforPresidentandVicePresidentoftheUnitedStatesareindirectelectionsinwhichvoterscastballotsforaslateofelectorsoftheU.S.ElectoralCollege,whointurndirectlyelectthePresidentandVicePresident.Moststatelawsestablishawinner-take-allsystem,whereintheticketthatwinsapluralityofvoteswinsallofthatstate'sallocatedelectoralvotes,andthushastheirslateofelectorschosentovoteintheElectoralCollege.PresidentialElectionSystemTotalelectoralvotes:538Candidategetsmorethan270wintheelection“Winner-take-all”Exceptions:MaineandNebraskaWherewouldyoufocusyourenergyandcampaignthehardest?08年美国选举人分布538electors100Senators435Congressmen3electorsTheDistrictofColumbia535RepresentativesinCongress50states538Senate100HouseofRepresentatives435ColombiaDC3选举人和选举人团制美国宪法第二条第一款规定：每州应依照该议会所定方式选派选举人若干人，其数目同该州在国会应有的参议员和众议员总人数相等，但参议员或众议员，或在合众国属下担任有责任或有薪金职务的人，不得被选派为选举人。由各州选派的选举人组成选举人团。由选举人团投票,如得票数超过选举人总数的一半，即当选为总统，这就是选举人团制。4.GeneralElection全国选举5.inaug-uration总统就职仪式ProcessofpresidentialelectionEachstatehasitsownelectorsEachstatestartstoconductpopularelectionstochoosetheirslateofelectors:indirectelectionsystem.Eachpartyhasitsownelectoralcollege(选举委员会）大规模的TheelectorsfromEachStatemakeuptheElectoralCollege“Themajorpoliticalpartieswillofficiallyholditspresidentialnominatingconventions.Inthisnominatingconventions,The“ElectoralCollege”VotesforthePresident.Normally,thecandidateforpresidentreceivingthemajority(50%)oftheelectoralvotesistheelectedpresident.IndirectDirectThecandidatesofthemajorpartieswillgotomanystatestowinthesupportersbymeansof：campaigningtripstodifferentstatesaddressingTVspeechesshowingonTVdebates.Thesemediatoolsplayanimportantroleinrunning(宣传造势）.Thisprocesscostslots.总统大选电视辩论2012第一场turnoutin2008MaccineadmitedhisfailureObamawontheelectionNationalRepresentativesConferenceAfterNationalRepresentativesConference,someoneiselectedasparty’sofficialcandidateTheybegantointroducetheirownparty’spoliticalclaimstheirownpoliticalprogrammesvotersgivepromisesServethepeoplevotersgetmoresupport二、打造形象（04年为例）1.beautifyoneself2.trytodeglamorizetheiropponentsTime:thefirstTuesdayafterthefirstMondayofNovember;Purpose:selectelectors;5.Inauguration:JanuaryinthenextyearFactorsinfluencingturnoutSatisfactionQualityofcampaigns:lackofrealissues;negativeadvertisingFrequencyandlengthofelectionsFrequentpublicpollsMuchcoveragebythemediaTroublesomeregisteringprocessNegativeImpactofAmericanpresidentialelectionVerycostlyandmoneyconsumingcampaign;2008electioncostmorethan1billionUSDInthefiercecompetition,alotofimmoraltrickhasbeenused;personalattacksanddefamearealwaysbeenusedinthecampaignNegativeImpactofAmericanpresidentialelectionTheexistingelectionsystemmakeitdifficultforotherthirdparty(exceptDemocraticandPublic)tobeelected.NegativeImpactofAmericanpresidentialelection2019/8/27292019/8/27WhatwecanlearnfromAmericanpresidentialelectionTotallytransparentelectionprocess;Fullycompetitiveelectionprocess;Maturedelectionsystemandcultureclickme