景观规划中的生态廊道宽度

25920059　　　　　　ACTAECOLOGICASINICAVol.25,No.9Sep.,2005朱　强,俞孔坚,李迪华(,　100871):(20030100);(2004):2005-03-16;:2005-07-04:(1978～),,,,、、GIS.E-mail:[e-mail]:、、、、,Foundationitem:TheresearchoftheGrandCanalheritagecorridorfundedbyNationalBureauofCulturalRelics(No.20030100);Theresearchofecologicalinfrastructureandopenspacesystem,Taizhou,ZhejiangProvinceReceiveddate:2005-03-16;Accepteddate:2005-07-04Biography:ZHUQiang,Ph.D.candidate,Researchassistant,mainlyeangagedinlandscapeplanningandurbandesign,landscapeecology,GISapplication.E-mail:[e-mail]:、、、、。,。,、3。、、、、、()。,。,、、、,。。,,,。。:;;;;:1000-0933(2005)09-2406-07　:Q149,TU984　:AThewidthofecologicalcorridorinlandscapeplanningZHUQiang,YUKong-Jian,LIDi-Hua　(TheGraduateSchoolofLandscapeArchitecture,PekingUniversity,Beijing100871,China).ActaEcologicaSinica,2005,25(9):2406～2412.Abstract:Ecologicalcorridorshavemanyfunctionssuchasbiodiversityconservation,contaminationfiltration,erosionpreventionandfloodcontrol.Asanimportantelementinlandscapeplanninganddesign,ecologicalcorridorscanbeusedtoreducethenegtativeimpactoflandscapefragmentation.Accordingtotheirdifferentstructuresandfunctions,ecologicalcorridorscanbeclassifiedintolinear,strip,andstreamcorridors.Theplanninganddesignofecologicalcorridorsaremainlycomposedofseveralkeyelementsincludingnumber,context,width,connectivity,component,keypointsandareas.Thewidthofecologicalcorridorsisusuallyanuncertainparameterdependingonthecomplexityofthestructuresandfunctionsoftheecologicalcorridorsthemselves,anditisthefunctionofanumberofparameterssuchastargetspecies,vegetation,functionsofcorridors,surroundinglandusesandlengthofcorridors.Scientificandappropriatewidthofecologicalcorridorsshouldbedeterminedbasedontheresearchofdefferentecologicalprocesseswithinthecorridor.Startingfromtheanalysisofthestructureandfunctionoflandscape,thisreviewanalyzedthewidthofecologicalcorridorsanditsdeterminantsfromtheperspectiveofbiodiversityconservation;appropriaterangesofwidthweresummarizedfromseveralcasestudies.Principlestodefinewidthwerealsoproposed.Keywords:landscapeplanning;landscapeecology;ecologicalcorridor;width;streamcorridor　　(corridor)[1],(ecologicalcorridor)、、、、。、,“”(greencorridor)。(ConservationManagementInstitute,USA),“,”。。、,,[2～5]。,(greenway)、(heritagecorridor),。,,。,。,。1　3:(linearcorridor)、(stripcorridor)(streamcorridor)[1]。;;,(bufferstrip)。,、、、、、()。(1)　,[6～8]。,。,。(2)　,(context)[9,10]。3:,;,,;,,、,。(3)　。,。,(edgeeffect),。,。,。(4)　(connectivity),。,(functionalconnectivity)。,,。。(5)　。。、。,。,,。(6)()　(keypoint)。,(keyarea)。,(),()。,,、、、、,。2　,。Forman:(habitat)、(conduit)、(filter)、(source)、(sink)[1]。5,,。()。2.1　、、、()。,,,(greenbelt)[11]。,。,,。2.1.1　　,[12,13]。,[5]。,,24079　:　。,。,,。,,。,,,。,,。。,,。,。7～12m[1]。,。,,,,。(edgehabitat),[13]。,RobbinsAmbuel[14,15],(opportunisticedgespecies),。,,。(、、)。1,,,。(、),、、。,。,(),。2.1.2　　、、、。,。,。Meffe[16]、、、、,0.6km22km。,,。HarrisScheck[4],,,,。,,(),。Forman:、,[7]。,。,。1,,。,。,。1,,2。2.1.3　　:(1),;(2);(3);(4),;(5)(1km),;(6),。2.2　2.2.1　　,。。,。、,。。,。,(),。。,、、。LenaB.M[28]。,10m95%。,()100%。2408　　　　251　Table1　AppropriatevaluesofwidthprovidedbydifferentscholarsforbiodiversityconservationAuthorPublishtime(m)WidthDescriptionCorbettES[17]197830StaufferBest[18]1980200NewboldJD[19]1980309～20Brinson[27]198130、TassoneJE[13]198150～80RanneyJW[20]198120～6010～30mPeterjohnWT[21]198410030Harris[22]19844～62～3Wilcove[13]19851200600Cross[27]198515FormanRTT[1]198612～30.5,12m。12～30.5,61～91.5BuddWW[23]198730CsutiC[24]19891200,200～600m,1200mBrownMT[13]199098168ProthonotaryWilliamson[27]199010～20Rabent[27]19917～60、、JuanA[25]19953～1212260600～1200RohlingJ[26]199846～1522　Table2　AproporiatevaluesofwidthforbiodiversityconservationconcludedfromsomecasesWidth(m)Functionsandcharacteristic3～12;①12～30,12m。12m,2;12～30m,;;;、②30～60,;;、、;30m;50%;、;,③60/80～100,;;;④100～200,⑤≥600～1200、;;200～600m,600m,1200m;⑥　　①Thepertinenceofcorridorwidthandthediversityofbirdsisaboutzero.Thewidthrangecanmeettheneedofprotectinginvertebratepopulation.②12metersisthethresholdtodistinguishlinearandstripcorridorsforherbaceousplantsandbirds.Thediversityofherbaceousplantsinthecorridorswiderthan12metersistwotimesthanthatinnarrowones.Therangeisappropriateforprotectingmanyedgespecies,butthediversityisstilllow.Therangecanalsobeappropriateforprotectingbirds,invertebrate,fishandlittlemammals.③Thecorridorsinthisrangecanincludemanyherbaceousplantsandedgebirdspecies,butthediversityisstillrelativelylow.Itcannearlymeettheneedofprotectingwildlifemigrationandbiodiversityconservation.Itcanalsoprotectfish,littlemammalsandamphibians,andcapturemorethan50%sedimentfromsurroundinglands,controltheflowingofnutrientelementssuchasnitrogenandphosphor,provideorganiccrumbsandcreatediversehabitatsforfish.Thewetlandstripwiderthan30meterscanalsobethehabitatofwildlife.④Thecorridorsinthisrangehavemanyinteriorspeciesandhigherbiodiversity,andtheyareabletoprotectwildlifemigrationandconservebiodiversity.Therangeisalsonecessaryforthemigrationofwildlifeandbiodiversityconservationintheroadsidebufferstrips.Itistheminimumwidthfortheconservatio