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Welcometoourclass!•Grammar[来源:学科网ZXXK]过去分词知识总结I过去分词的形式II过去分词的性质III过去分词的用法•构成形式“动词原形+ed”规则形式:e.g.open→love→study→stop→不规则形式：e.g.cost→bend→keep→fight→break→rise→swim→★过去分词没有时态和语态的变化I过去分词的构成形式openedlovedstudiedstoppedcostbentkeptfoughtbrokenrisenswumII过去分词的性质过去分词既有动词性质，也有形容词和副词性质1)动词性质表现为:可以有自己的状语并组成过去分词短语。HelikestoreadthebookswrittenbyLuXun.(过去分词短语)★2)形容词和副词性质表现为：过去分词（短语）在句中可作定语、表语、状语、补足语等。译：他喜欢读鲁迅写的书。★III过去分词的用法过去分词（短语）作定语WeshouldpayattentiontoourspokenEnglish.单个过去分词作定语常放在它所修饰的名词之前,和它所修饰的名词存在动宾(被动)关系。Thisisoneoftheschoolsbuiltin1980.过去分词短语常放在它所修饰的名词之后，与被修饰的名词之间存在动宾关系，相当于一个定语从句，但是更简洁。=Thisisoneoftheschoolswhichwerebuiltin1980.习题：1)—I’mverythirsty.—You’dbetterdrinksome___water.A.boilingB.boilC.boiledD.tobeboiledC①单个分词作定语放在所修饰的名词之前。②现在分词表明动作正在进行，过去分词表明动作已经完成。A.heldB.tobeheldC.holdingD.beingholding①过去分词短语做定语放在所修饰名词(词组)之后，与其所修饰的名词(词组是)动宾关系,且动作已经完成。译:公元前776年举行的奥运会只持续了一天。2)TheOlympicGames__in776B.C.lastedforonlyoneday.A①过去分词invited作定语修饰指示代词those,意为“被邀请的那些人”,两者是动宾（被动）关系。thoseinvited=thosepeoplewhohavebeeninvited②单个过去分词作定语需放在所修饰的名词之前,但是something、anything、nobody、nothing、those等代词的定语需后置。3.Pleasedon’tforgethim.Heisoneof___.A.thoseinvitedB.invitedthoseC.thoseinvitingD.invitingthoseA过去分词（短语）作表语过去分词（短语）用在系动词之后作表语，和句子主语之间存在动宾关系。Thechildrenweresatisfiedwithhisexplanation.Shelookedworried.译：孩子们对他的解释感到满意。[来源:Zxxk.Com]译：她看起来很焦急。1.Theroomsare____,soyoucan’tmovein.A.paintedB.paintingC.beingpaintedD.tobepainted2.Assoonasheenteredthecity,he____.A.waslosingB.gotlosingC.lostD.gotlost3.Whathehasdoneisreally____.Nowhisparentsare_____him.A.disappointing;disappointedatB.disappointing;disappointedaboutC.disappointing;disappointedwithD.disappointed;disappointingbyCCD(e.g.gethurtgetexcitedgetpleased)习题：Thisriverispolluted.（过去分词作表语，表状态）译：这条河被污染了Thisriverwaspollutedbythechemicalplant.（过去分词构成被动语态，表动作）译：这条河是被那家化工厂给污染的。★过去分词作表语和被动语态的区别：Thewindowsareclosed.译：窗户是关着的。ThewindowswereclosedbyJack.译：窗户是被杰克关起来的过去分词作表语，表状态，相当于一个形容词；在被动语态中，过去分词表动作，常由by引出动作的发出者。过去分词（短语）作宾语补足语Ifoundthesmalltownchangedalot.(表动作已完成)Hewantsthelettertypedrightaway.(动宾关系)Wemustgetourhomeworkfinishedontime.(动宾关系)过去分词（短语）在句子中作宾语补足语表示动作已完成，或和宾语存在动宾关系。这类句子的谓语动词通常是表示“感知”（如see,hear,feel,watch,notice,find等)、“意愿”（如want,wish,expect,等)的动词，或是使役动词（如make,have,keep等）。习题：1.Wesawthethief_________(catch)bythepolice.caught译：我看见那个小偷被警察抓住了。（过去分词短语作宾语补足语，表被动。)2.Isawhim_________(geton)thebus.gettingon译：我看见他正在上车。（现在分词短语作宾语补足语，表主动。动作正在进行。）3.Iwillhave/getmyhair______(cut)tomorrow.cut译：我准备明天理发。(过去分词作宾补，表被动。)过去分词（短语）作状语过去分词（短语）作状语，修饰谓语，常常表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等，相当于对应的状语从句。它和主句的主语存在动宾关系。a、表示时间Seenfromspace,theearthlooksblue.Whenitisseenfromspace,theearthlooksblue.b、表示条件Keptinrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.Iftheyarekeptinrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.c、表示原因d、表示伴随情况e、表示让步Deeplymovedbythemovie,thegirlsbegantocry.Astheyweredeeplymovedbythemovie,thegirlsbegantocry.Shewalkedoutofthehouse,followedbyherdaughter.Shewalkedoutofthehouse,andwasfollowedbyherdaughter.Beatenbytheenemy,herefusedtoletoutthesecret.Althoughhewasbeatenbytheenemy,herefusedtoletoutthesecret.1._____areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.HavingnotreceivedC2.____inhernewskirt,shetriedtomakeherself____attheparty.A.Dressed;noticedB.Dressing;noticedC.Dressed;noticingD.Dressing;beingnoticing3.____betterattention,thevegetablescouldhavegrownbetterA.GivingB.GivenC.GiveD.TogiveB(he和receive是主谓关系，且receive先于decide之前发生。)A4.Unless___tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvited[来源:学_科_网]A5.____byhisteachers,hehasmadegreatprogressinhislesson.A.HelpingB.TohelpC.HelpD.HelpedD6.____histelephonenumber,shehadsomedifficultygettingintouchwithBill.A.KnowingnotB.NotknownC.NotknowingD.NotknowC8.Theoldmanwalkedinthestreet,____.A.followinghissonB.followedhissonC.andfollowinghissonD.followingbyhissonA9.___awhitesweater,shelooksmuchmorebeautiful.A.DressingB.wearingC.DressedD.HavingdressedB10.___,thelittleboyislivingahappylife.A.TakinggoodcareB.TakengoodcareC.HavingtakengoodcareD.TakengoodcareofD