人教版初中数学讲义

技术官员村位于位于亚运城东部，主干道二以东石楼涌以西的地块，占地面积、m2，总建筑面积、m2，共包括地下室南区、地下室北区、地上部分1栋～12栋、服务中心、室外工程等多个单体工程。其中住宅面积m2，共12栋，1～7栋建筑层数为11层，8～12栋11层（局部复式顶层），首层局部架空，布置公建配套设施。integratedenergy,chemicalsandtextileYibincity,arethethreecorepillarsoftheindustry.In2014,thewuliangyebrandvalueto73.58billionyuan,thecity'sliquorindustrysliptostabilise.Promotingdeepdevelopmentofintegratedenergy,advancedequipmentmanufacturingindustry,changningdistrict,shalegasproductioncapacityreached277millioncubicmetres,builtthecountry'sfirstindependenthigh-yieldwellsandpipelinesinthefirstsection,theleadinfactoryproductionandsupplytothepopulation.2.1-3GDPgrowthfigure2.1-4Yibin,Yibincity,Yibincity,fiscalrevenuegrowth2.1.4topographyterrainoverallisSouthwest,North-EasternState.Lowmountainsandhillsinthecitylandscapeasthemainridge-and-Valley,pingbasmallfragmentednaturepictureforwaterandthesecondlandofthesevenhills.236metersto2000metersabovesealevelinthecity,lowmountain,46.6%hills45.3%,pingbaonly8.1%.2.1.5developmentofYibinlandscapesanddistinctivefeatureinthecenterofthecity,withlimitations,andspatialstructureoftypicalzonalgroup,2012-citiesinbuildingwithanareaofabout76.2km2.Fromcity-buildingsituation,oldtown-theSouthBankCenterconstructionislaggingbehind,disintegrationoftheoldcityisslow,optimizationandupgrading,qualitypublicserviceresourcesarestillheavilyconcentratedintheoldtowntogether.SouthbankCentrehasnotbeenformed,functionsoftheserviceareaspaceismissing.Meanwhile,peripheralgroupcentresservicewasweakandinadequateaccountingforcitydevelopment,suspiciouspatterncouldnotbeformed.Asregardstransport,withtheoutwardexpansionofcities,citieshavebeenexpanding,centripetalcitytrafficorganizationhasnotchanged,integratedenergy,chemicalsandtextileYibincity,arethethreecorepillarsoftheindustry.In2014,thewuliangyebrandvalueto73.58billionyuan,thecity'sliquorindustrysliptostabilise.Promotingdeepdevelopmentofintegratedenergy,advancedequipmentmanufacturingindustry,changningdistrict,shalegasproductioncapacityreached277millioncubicmetres,builtthecountry'sfirstindependenthigh-yieldwellsandpipelinesinthefirstsection,theleadinfactoryproductionandsupplytothepopulation.2.1-3GDPgrowthfigure2.1-4Yibin,Yibincity,Yibincity,fiscalrevenuegrowth2.1.4topographyterrainoverallisSouthwest,North-EasternState.Lowmountainsandhillsinthecitylandscapeasthemainridge-and-Valley,pingbasmallfragmentednaturepictureforwaterandthesecondlandofthesevenhills.236metersto2000metersabovesealevelinthecity,lowmountain,46.6%hills45.3%,pingbaonly8.1%.2.1.5developmentofYibinlandscapesanddistinctivefeatureinthecenterofthecity,withlimitations,andspatialstructureoftypicalzonalgroup,2012-citiesinbuildingwithanareaofabout76.2km2.Fromcity-buildingsituation,oldtown-theSouthBankCenterconstructionislaggingbehind,disintegrationoftheoldcityisslow,optimizationandupgrading,qualitypublicserviceresourcesarestillheavilyconcentratedintheoldtowntogether.SouthbankCentrehasnotbeenformed,functionsoftheserviceareaspaceismissing.Meanwhile,peripheralgroupcentresservicewasweakandinadequateaccountingforcitydevelopment,suspiciouspatterncouldnotbeformed.Asregardstransport,withtheoutwardexpansionofcities,citieshavebeenexpanding,centripetalcitytrafficorganizationhasnotchanged,人教版初中数学讲义第一章有理数一、正数和负数1、正数、负数：大于零的数叫做正数，小于零的数叫做负数。应用：生产收入，海拔高低，气温的冷热，方位的指向，比赛的胜负，比例的增长等等。二、有理数1、概念：整数和分数统称为有理数。2、分类负分数负整数负数零正分数正整数正数或负分数正分数分数负整数零正整数整数注：分数和小数可以互化，所以小数可以归为分数类。3、“0”表示的意义：（1）0既不是正数也不是负数（2）0是整数（3）0不是表示没有，有时表示一种趋于正负的状态（4）0是最小的自然数，即是最小的非负整数（5）0不能作为分母（6）0等相反数是0（7）0的绝对值是0（8）0没有倒数（9）0乘以任何数都为0（10）0除以任何不为0的数都为0.4、数轴：通常用一条直线上的点表示数，这条直线叫做数轴。数轴的三要素：原点，正方向，单位长度。数学中规定：在数轴上表示有理数，它们从左到右的顺序，就是从小到大的顺序，即左边的数小于右边的数。5、相反数：只有符号不同的两个数叫做互为相反数。与原点距离相等的两个数互为相反数。互为相反数的两个数相加得0（a，b互为相反数，则a+b=0）6、绝对值：一般地，数轴上表示数a的点与原点的距离叫做数a的绝对值，记作|a||a|=)0()0(aaaa两个负数，绝对值大的反而小。三、有理数的加减法1、有理数的加法：（1）加法法则：同号两数相加，取相同的符号，并把绝对值相加；绝对值不相等的异号两数相加，取绝对值较大的加数的符号，并用较大的绝对值减去较小的绝对值。互为相反数的两个数相加得0.一个数同0相加，仍得这个数。（2）运算律：加法交换律：a+b=b+a；加法结合律：（a+b）+c=a+（b+c）2、有理数的减法：减法法则：减去一个数，等于加上这个数的相反数。a-b=a+（-b））引入相反数后，加减混合运算可以统一为加法运算。四、有理数的乘除法1、有理数的乘法：（1）乘法法则：两数相乘，同号得正，异号得负，并把绝对值相乘。任何数同0相乘，都得0.倒数：乘积是1的两个数互为倒数。多个有理数相乘，可以把它们按顺序依次相乘。归纳：几个不是0的数相乘，负因数的个数是偶数时，积是正数；负因数的个数是奇数时，积是负数。（2）运算律：交换律，结合律，分配律。2、有理数的除法：除以一个数等于乘以这个数的倒数。（乘积为1的两个数互为倒数）技术官员村位于位于亚运城东部，主干道二以东石楼涌以西的地块，占地面积、m2，总建筑面积、m2，共包括地下室南区、地下室北区、地上部分1栋～12栋、服务中心、室外工程等多个单体工程。其中住宅面积m2，共12栋，1～7栋建筑层数为11层，8～12栋11层（局部复式顶层），首层局部架空，布置公建配套设施。integratedenergy,chemicalsandtextileYibincity,arethethreecorepillarsoftheindustry.In2014,thewuliangyebrandvalueto73.58billionyuan,thecity'sliquorindustrysliptostabilise.Promotingdeepdevelopmentofintegratedenergy,advancedequipmentmanufacturingindustry,changningdistrict,shalegasproductioncapacityreached277millioncubicmetres,builtthecountry'sfirstindependenthigh-yieldwellsandpipelinesinthefirstsection,theleadinfactoryproductionandsupplytothepopulation.2.1-3GDPgrowthfigure2.1-4Yibin,Yibincity,Yibincity,fiscalrevenuegrowth2.1.4topographyterrainoverallisSouthwest,North-EasternState.Lowmountainsandhillsinthecitylandscapeasthemainridge-and-Valley,