论我国个人信息权的法律保护

摘要我国在个人信息权的立法方面起步较晚，较欧美国家非常落后。但我国信息技术发展很快，落后的法律已不能很好的保障公民个人信息权利免受侵害。我国在个人信息的界定、个人信息权的确立都没有明确规定，导致发生侵害时，无法可依，只能按照对隐私权的侵害来处理，具有相当的局限性。针对这种情况国内有许多专家学者作出了相应研究，以周汉华、齐爱民等为代表的一批学者取得了重要成果，国务院信息办也在加紧推动对个人信息保护方面的立法。在此背景下，本文通过参考相关文献，对美国和欧盟在此方面的立法实践作出研究，结合我国目前对个人信息保护的现状提出我国法律保护的不足，并给出建议。关键词：个人信息；立法；法律保护AbstractInourcountry,thelegislationofpersonalinformationrighthasalatestart,comparedwiththeEuropeanandAmericancountries.Butthedevelopmentofinformationtechnologyinourcountryisveryfast,andthebackwardlawcannotprotecttherightsofcitizens'personalinformation.Theestablishmentofourcountryinthedefinitionofpersonalinformation,personalinformationrightsarenotclearlydefined,canleadtotheoccurrenceoftheviolation,andonlyinaccordancewiththeinvasionofprivacytodealwithconsiderablelimitations.Accordingtothedomesticmanyexpertsandscholarshavemadethecorrespondingresearch,toZhouhanhuaandmodelsfromforarepresentativeofagroupofscholarshasmadesignificantachievements,theStateCouncilInformationOfficeissteppingupeffortstopromotethelegislationofpersonalinformationprotection.Underthisbackground.Inthispaper,thereferencerelatedliterature,oftheUnitedStatesandtheEuropeanUnionintheaspectoflegislativepracticetomakeastudyof,combinedwiththepresentsituationofthepersonalinformationprotectioninourcountryatpresentthatputforwardthelackoflegalprotectioninChina,andgivessomesuggestions.Keywords:personalinformation;legislation;legalprotection目录引言................................................................................................................................1一、个人信息权概述....................................................................................................1（一）个人信息的概念........................................................................................1（二）个人信息权的法律属性............................................................................21.个人信息权是一项民事权利。.................................................................22.个人信息权是一种具备人格属性和财产属性的新型人格权.................2二、个人信息权保护的法律关系................................................................................3（一）个人信息权保护的主体............................................................................3（二）个人信息权保护的客体............................................................................3（三）个人信息权保护法律关系的内容............................................................41.个人信息权主体的权利.............................................................................42.信息管理者义务.........................................................................................4三、国外个人信息权保护的立法与实践....................................................................5（一）美国个人信息权保护制度........................................................................5（二）欧盟个人信息权保护制度........................................................................6四、我国个人信息权保护的现状与不足....................................................................7（一）我国个人信息侵权严重............................................................................71.不当收集个人信息.....................................................................................72.随意泄露个人信息.....................................................................................83.违法交易个人信息.....................................................................................84.网络个人信息侵权.....................................................................................9（二）我国个人信息权法律保护的现状............................................................91.宪法.............................................................................................................92.民法、刑法、诉讼法...............................................................................103.其他...........................................................................................................10（三）我国个人信息法律保护的不足..............................................................111.法律文件缺乏系统性...............................................................................112.对公民个人信息权的法律保护方式单一...............................................123.缺乏法律的执行、监督机制...................................................................12五、完善我国个人信息权保护的相关立法的建议..................................................12（一）健全个人信息权保护立法......................................................................131.明确界定个人信息...................................................................................132.确立个人信息权的地位...........................................................................133.增强立法的可操作性...............................................................................144.个人信息权保护的基本原则构想...........................................................14（二）建立个人信息权保护自律机制..............................................................151.加强政府的监管.......................................................................................152.发挥行业协会的作用...............................................................................163.建立行业自律标识...................................................................................16结束语...............................................................................