定语从句

定语从句定语的位置Ilikethegreenteam.Iliketheteamingreen.Iliketheteamwhowerewearinggreen.这是我的杯子Thisismycup.这是装满水的杯子。Thisisthecupfulloftea.这是我喝茶用的杯子。ThisisthecupwhichIdrinkteawith.•当你用一个词不能尽情表达你想说的意思时，就用短语；如果短语还不能满足，就用从句。ThegirlwhoisstandingthereisMary.概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。先行词+定语从句（名词/代词）+（关系词＋其他成分）关系词引导定语从句,起着连接主从句，指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用。.定语从句的分类：（1）限定性定语从句：与先行词关系密切，如果没有定语从句，主句含混不清，不完整。限定性定语从句与先行词之间无逗号。（2）非限定性定语从句：是先行词的一个附加语，对先行词起进一步说明作用，如果删掉它，主句的意义仍然是完整的。非限定性定语从句与先行词之间有逗号。Thewomanismymother.Sheisspeakingatthemeeting.Thewomanthat/whoisspeakingatthemeetingismymother.注意：因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的人称、数必须和先行词一致。Titanicistheship___________sankafterhittinganiceberg.that/whichRoseandJackarethelovers_________metontheship.who/that3.Thehousetheybuiltin1987stayedupintheearthquake.1.Theearthquakehitthecityin2008wasthebiggestinChinesehistory.2.Wedon’tknowthenumberofpeoplelosttheirhomesin1906earthquakethat/whichthat/who（which/that）4.Thestudentsaretalkingaboutthestrangestoriesandpersons______theymetinthevillage.5.Harryistheboy_______motherisourmathsteacher.6.Luckilynoneofthepeople_____________Iknowwerekilledintheearthquake.(who/whom/that)whose(that)作业：1、Maryisthegirl_____Itoldyouabout.2、That’sthewriter_____bookswehavetoread.3、Thatwastheneighbour______wedidn’tlikeatfirst.4、ThatistheBritisharchitect_____designedthebuilding.5、Ireadthebook___youlikedsomuch.6、Doyouknowthewoman____iswearingsunglasses?7、Theyarethekindofearrings_____wewant.8、Ithinkthearchitect_____designedthenewbuildingisverycreative.9、Therearesomeboysinmyclass_____playbasketballverywell.10、Ilovedthebook____yougavemeformybirthday.11、Frankhasasmallcottage_____isnotveryfarfromLisbon.先行词指物时定语从句中关系代词宜用that，不宜用which的情况：1.先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时Thisisthebestfilm________Ihaveseen.2.先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时Thefirstplace_____theyvisitedwasYangzhou.Thisisthethirdfilm______hasbeenshowninourschoolthisterm.Themostimportantthing________shouldbedonenowistostudyEnglish.(that)thatthat(that)３.先行词由指人和指物的名词并列构成时Thewriterandhisnovel_____youhavejusttalkedaboutisreallywellknown.Thebikeanditsrider_____hadrunoveranoldwomanwereheldupbythepolice.4.先行词是all,much,little,few,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等不定代词Thereisnothing_____theywanttobuy.Thatisall_____Iwanttosay.(that)(that)(that)that5.先行词被any,few,little,no,all,oneof,thesame,thevery,theonly,justthe等词修饰时Theonlything_____wecoulddowastowait.Thisisoneofthepresents_____myboyfriendgavemeonmybirthday.6.如有主句含两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词则宜用that,以避免语言的单调或重复。Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthings_____hadneverbeenseenbefore.(that)(that)that定语从句中先行词指物宜用that，不宜用which的情况.1.先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词时.2.先行词是序数词,或它前面有一个序数词时.3.先行词既有人又有物时4.先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等代词时5.先行词any,few,little,no,all,oneof,thesame,thevery,theonly,justthe等词修饰时6.有两个定语从句,其中一个用which,另一个用that。7.主句已有疑问词which时8.主句是Therebe结构，修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that指代物。2.先行词和关系副词的种类先行词关系副词地点状语时间状语原因状语wherewhenwhy关系副词=介词+which/whom•关系副词when,where,why的用法关系副词在定语从句当中只能充当状语，当一个句子不缺少主语或宾语时，并能够完整地表达一个意思时，这时我们不需要关系代词，就可以给这个句子加上特定的关系副词。•关系副词when,where,why和介词+which的关系关系副词when,where,why可用适当的介词+which来替代。如：when=in/on/at…+which,where=in/on/at…+which,why=for+whichPs:介词的选用取决于先行词和定语从句中的动词。介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。（注意固定短语中介词的位置）•关系代词as引导限制性定语从句•Shewearsthesamekindofclothesashersisterwears.(不是同一件)(Cf.SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary’swedding.（同一件）•Suchpeopleaswererecommendedbyhimwerereliable.)•Heisasgreatapainteraseverlived.•Inthecity,IoncesawsograndaNationalDaycelebrationasIneverdreamtof.•as与which引导非限制性定语从句•1.which（它所引导的定语从句只能放在先行词后）•Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,which,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.•CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,whichpersonallyIdoubt.•WhereverImethim,whichwasfairlyfrequent,Ilikedhissweethopefulsmile.•2.as（它所引导的定语从句放在先行词前后都可以，并可翻译成“正如”）•Asisoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.•Grammar,ashasbeensaidbefore,isnotasetofdeadrules.•Heisabitoutofhismind,asallthosewhoknowhimcansee.•Asapoetpointsout,lifeisbutadream.•Thematerialiselastic,as(is)showninthefigure.关系代词as的用法及其与which的区别。•关系代词as在定语从句中指代整件事，充当句中的主语或者宾语，它经常和thesame,such,as,so一起搭配使用，共同构成一个固定词组。1.Asweallknow,heisafamousscientist.2.Asisexpected,heisadiligentboy,.3.Shehasthesamebookasyouhave.•关系代词as可以放在句子的开头，可以使用被动语态，而关系代词which则不可以。请比较：1.Aseveryoneknows,itisnecessarytobuildahospitalinthissmalltown.2.Itisnecessarytobuildahospitalinthissmalltown,whichiscleartous.3.Ourdepartmentwillholdthemeeting,asisknownbyus.•as在引导非限制性定语从句时的常用短语有：•asiswellknownasisnatural•asmaybeimaginedasisusualwithsomebody•aswehadexpectedaswillbeshownin•asoftenhappensashasbeenannounced1.Iwon’tforgetthetimewhenIgotmarried.2.Haveyoustillrememberthedayswhenwestayedtogether?3.Thisistheplacewherewehadagoodtime.4.IsthisthehousewhereMr.Smithlives?5.Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhewon’tjoinus.6.Doyouknowthereasonwhyhedidn’tcometosweeptheclassroom?1.Iwon’tforgetthedatewhen(onwhich)Iwasborn.2.Thisistheroomwhere(inwhich)Ilived.=ThisistheroomwhichIlivedin.3.Idon’tknowthereasonwhy(forwhic