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非谓语动词不定式不定式的时态主动形式被动形式一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone进行式tobedoing完成进行式tohavebeendoing不定式时态•1)不定式的一般式•不定式的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词的动作是同时发生的或是在其后发生的。例如：•Thousandsofyoungpeoplearelearningtoski．数以千计的年轻人在学习滑雪。(同时)•Wherecanwegetsomesicklestocutthericewith?我们到哪儿去弄些镰刀割稻’呢?真题•TheMinisterofFinanceisbelieved_____ofimposingnewtaxestoraiseextrarevenue.(2004--48)•A.thatheisthinkingB.tobethinking•C.thatheistothinkD.tothinkB不定式时态•不定式的进行式•1.不定式的进行式强调其所表示的动作在主要谓语动词所表示的动作发生时正在进行。•e.g.Hepretendedtobelisteningtotheteachercarefully.Heissaidtowriteaprefacetothebook.(Hewillwrite)Heissaidtobewritingaprefacetothebook.(Heiswriting)Comparethetwosentences:不定式时态•2.不定式的完成进行式强调其所表示的动作在主要谓语动词所表示的动作发生之前发生，而且一直进行。•e.g.Sheisknowntohavebeenworkingontheproblemformanyyears.•e.g.Helookedtoyoungtohavebeenpublishingbooksforsixyears.他看上去很年轻，不像是已经出版了六年书的人。不定式的完成式•1.用在intended,expected,meant,hoped,wanted,promised,planned,wished,thought,desired,was,were等后，表示过去没有实现的愿望，计划或期待等。也可用来表示先于谓语动词发生动作或状态，tohave+过去分词表示动作，tohavebeen表示状态。Examples•Iintendedtohavecometoseeyou.(我本打算来看你的)•Hewastohavefetchedyouhere．他本该去把你带来的。•TheyweretohavebeenmarriedinMaybuthadtopostponetheweddinguntilJune.•ShehastohavepassedAdvancedLevelintwosubjectsbeforeshegoestouniversity.(必先通过……，才能)•Youareluckytohavewonthegirl’sheart．(Youhavewon．．．)•Thegirlwasreportedtohavebeenmissingforamonth．(Shehasbeen…)•Iamsorrytohavelostyourkey．把你的钥匙弄丢了，我很抱歉。•Shewasreportedtohavedied．据报道她已经死了。•Hewasimpatienttohavefinishedthejob．他渴望已经完成了工作。不定式的完成式•2.用在seem,appear,think,consider,believe等后，不定式的完成式所表示的动作（状态）发生在主要谓语动词或特定的某时间之前，它一般强调事情的完成或结果。•e.g.Judgingfromhismannersattheparty,hedoesn’tseemtohavereceivedmucheducation.•Hewasbelievedtohavebeenareporter.不定式的完成式•3.在should/wouldlike或should/wouldhaveliked后用不定式完成式表示没有实现的愿望。•Ishouldliketohavegonewithher.(但没有去)•Ishouldhavelikedtohaveseenherfacewhenshereadtheletter.(我真想见到她读信时的表情。)真题•1.AIDSissaid__thenumber-onekillerofbothmenandwomenoverthepastfewyearsinthatregion.(2002--46)A.beingB.tobeC.tohavebeenD.havingbeen•2.ProfessorJohnsonsaid____somesignificantadvanceinhisresearchinthepastyear.(1999--43)A.havingmadeB.makingC.tohavemadeD.tomake•3.Atthreeo’clockthismorning,Iseemed_____someonescreaminthestreet.(1990--39)A.hearingB.havingheardC.tohaveheardD.tohearC练习•1.TheVikingsarebelieved______America.•A.tohavediscoveredB.indiscovering•C.todiscoverD.tohavebeendiscovered•2.Thestudentswereto_____attheauditoriumbefore1:30p.m.,butthelecturewascancelledatthelastminute.•A.assembledB.haveassembled•C.assemblingD.beassembled•3.Hewasto____thenewambassador,buthefellill.•A.havingtelephonedB.havetelephoned•C.hastelephonedD.telephoningABBbe+动词不定式•1.表示最近，未来的计划或安排（相当于begoingto）•Youaretoseehimtodayatsixo’clock.•2.表示该做或不该做的事（相当于should/must/oughtto/haveto等）。•e.g.Youaretoexplainthis.•3.表示能不能发生的事（相当于can/may等）•e.g.SimilarconditionsaretobefoundinallotherLatinAmericancountries.•4.表示不可避免将要发生的事。•e.g.Theysaidgoodbye,littleknowingthattheywerenevertomeetagain.•5.用于条件从句，表示如果……想，设想（相当于if…should,或if…want）。•e.g.Ifwearetobethereintime,we’llhavetohurryup.真题•I_____writingthepaperasscheduled,butmymother'sillnessinterfered.Ihopeyouwillexcuseme.(1993--54)•A.amtohavefinished•B.wastohavefinished•C.wastofinish•D.oughttofinishB动词＋疑问句+带to的不定式•用于此结构的常见动词：adviseconsiderdecidediscussexplainfindoutforgethearinquireknowlearnregardrememberseesettleshowteachtellthinkunderstandwonder•e.g.Pleaseshowmehowtodothat.(做宾语)•e.g.Whentoholdthemeetinghasnotyetbeendecided.（做主语）•e.g.Theproblemishowtogetthereintime.（做表语）•e.g.Ihadnoideawhichtoreadfirst.（做名词同位语）真题•TheClarkshaven'tdecidedyetwhichhotel____.(1998--49)•A.tostayB.istostayC.tostayatD.isforstayingC不定式的特殊句型•1.suchasto,such…asto,so…asto表程度•e.g.Hisstorywassuchastodeceiveeveryone.•e.g.Itwassuchanaccidentastoclaim20lives.•e.g.Whocouldbesomeanastodoathinglikethat?•2.soas(not)to,onlyto,inorderto,so(such)…asto…(如此…以便…)表目的•Wehavegotsoplentyoffoodastotreatourguests.•e.g.Hekeptquietabouttheaccidentsoasnottolosehisjob.•e.g.Icomehereonlytosaygoodbyetoyou.真题•Hisremarkswere_____annoyeverybodyatthemeeting.(2005--53)•A.soastoB.suchastoC.suchtoD.asmuchasto•Hisstrongsenseofhumourwas____makeeveryoneintheroomburstoutlaughing.(1998--50)•A.soastoB.suchastoC.sothatD.suchthatBB不定式的特殊句型•3.too…to…结构:•1)太…以至于…•2)当too前面有only,all,but时，意思是“非常”，too等于very。•e.g.Hewasbuttooeagertogethome.•3)当too前或to前有否定词构成双重否定时，too等于very。•e.g.Heistoowisenottoseethat.•4)当too后是glad,pleased,happy,delighted,satisfied,ready,willing,kind,apt,good,true,east,near,careful,well,early,delicious,eager,anxious等形容词或副词时，too等于very。•e.g.Theyaretooreadytohelpothers.•5)too与cannot连用，表示无止境。•e.g.Youcannotbetoocareful.越仔细越好。无论怎么仔细也不过分•6)当不定式在句中做定语或真正的主语时，表示so(many/much)。•e.g.Therearetoomanyproblemstobesolved.不定式的特殊句型•4)onlyto+动词原形（不料竟会……，没想到会……）表示不好的结果。•e.g.Theyhurriedtothestation,onlytofindthetrainhadleft.真题•Thethreementriedmanytimestosneakacrosstheborderintotheneighboringcountry,_____bythepoliceeachtime.(1999-42)•A.hadbeencaptured•B.beingalwayscaptured•C.onlytobecaptured•D.unfortunatelycapturedc动词不定式的复合结构•1.强调不定式的行为属性，可用“Itis+形容词＋forsomebody+不定式”句型。静态形容词多用于此句型。•Ea