AWS-D1.1介绍

AWSD1.1AWSD1.1AmericanWeldingSociety(美国焊接协会)Thiscodecoverstheweldingrequirementsforanytypeofweldedstructuremadefromthecommonlyusedcarbonandlow-alloyconstructionalsteels.Clauses1through8constituteabodyofrulesfortheregulationofweldinginsteelconstruction.Thereareninenormativeandtwelveinformativeannexesinthiscode.ACommentaryofthecodeisincludedwiththedocument.本规范包含对常用碳素钢和低合金结构钢的任何类型结构的焊接要求。第1章至第8章构成了钢结构焊接规范条例的主体。规范中载有标准性附录9则和信息性附录12则。文件还包括对规范条文的说明。AWSD1.11.GeneralRequirements总则2.DesignofWeldedConnection.焊接连接的设计3.PrequalificationofWPSsWPS的免除评定4.Qualification评定5.Fabrication建造6.Inspection检验7.StudWelding螺柱焊8.StrengtheningandRepairofExistingStructures现有结构的补强与修理5.Fabrication5.1范围5.2母材5.3焊接材料的要求5.4ESW和EGW方法5.5WPS参数5.6预热和层间温度5.7调质钢的焊接热输入控制5.8消除应力热处理5.9衬垫、背部保护气体或嵌条5.10衬垫5.11焊接和切割设备5.12焊接环境5.13符合设计要求5.14最小角焊缝5.15母材的准备5.16凹角5.17梁的开槽口和焊缝的穿越孔5.18定位焊缝和结构辅助焊缝5.19组装部件的拱度5.20周期载荷结构的拼接5.21变形和收缩的控制5.22接头尺寸公差5.23焊接结构部件的尺寸公差5.24焊缝剖面外形5.25塞焊和槽焊技术5.26返修5.27锤击5.28捻缝5.29电弧击伤5.30焊缝清理5.31焊缝引弧板和引出板AWSD1.15.Fabrication5.26Repairs返修Theremovalofweldmetalorportionsofthebasemetalmaybedonebymachining,grinding,chipping,orgouging.Itshallbedoneinsuchamannerthattheadjacentweldmetalorbasemetalisnotnickedorgouged.Oxygengougingshallnotbeusedinquenchedandtemperedsteel.Unacceptableportionsoftheweldshallberemovedwithoutsubstantialremovalofthebasemetal.Thesurfacesshallbecleanedthoroughlybeforewelding.Weldmetalshallbedepositedtocompensateforanydeficiencyinsize.焊缝金属或部分母材的清除可用机加工、打磨、铲凿或刨槽的方法进行。清除必须这样：不在邻近焊缝金属或母材上造成缺口或槽痕。调质钢上严禁使用氧气刨槽。焊缝的不合格部分必须清除但不要伤及母材。焊接之前，必须彻底清洁表面。对于任何尺寸的不足必须熔敷焊缝金属加以补偿。AWSD1.15.Fabrication5.26Repairs返修5.26.1Thecontractorhastheoptionofeitherrepairinganunacceptableweldorremovingandreplacingtheentireweld,exceptasmodifiedby5.26.3.Therepairedorreplacedweldshallberetestedbythemethodoriginallyused,andthesametechniqueandqualityacceptancecriteriashallbeapplied.Ifthecontractorelectstotheweld,itshallbecorrectedasfollows:除按5.26.3要求的修正外，承包商可以选择返修不合格的焊缝，或者清除整条焊缝而重焊。返修或重焊的焊缝必须按原方法再检测，并且使用同样的技术和质量合格判据。如果承包商选择返修焊缝，必须按如下要求进行：AWSD1.15.26.1.1Overlap,ExcessiveConvexity,orExcessiveReinforcement.焊瘤、过分凸起或余高过大Excessiveweldmetalshallberemoved.必须清除过量的焊缝金属。5.26.1.2ExcessiveConcavityofWeldorCrater,UndersizeWelds,Undercutting.Thesurfacesshallbeprepared(see5.30)andadditionalweldmetaldeposited.过分的焊缝内凹或弧坑，焊缝尺寸不足，咬边必须对表面进行准备（见5.30），并熔敷补充的焊缝金属。AWSD1.15.26.1.3IncompleteFusion,ExcessiveWeldPorosity,orSlagInclusions..未融合，过多的焊缝气孔或夹渣Unacceptableportionsshallberemoved(see5.26)andrewelded.清除不合格部分并重焊。AWSD1.15.26.1.4CracksinWeldorBaseMetal.Theextentofthecrackshallbeascertainedbyuseofacidetching,MT,PT,orotherequallypositivemeans;thecrackandsoundmetal2in.[50mm]beyondeachendofthecrackshallberemoved,andrewelded.焊缝或母材裂纹应用酸蚀、磁粉检查、渗透检验或其他可靠的方法确定裂纹的范围；还应清除裂纹和超出裂纹每一端50mm的完好金属并重焊。AWSD1.15.26.3Engineer’sApproval.PriorapprovaloftheEngineershallbeobtainedforrepairstobasemetal,repairofmajorordelayedcracks,repairstoESWandEGWwithinternaldefects,orforareviseddesigntocompensatefordeficiencies.TheEngineershallbenotifiedbeforeweldedmembersarecutapart.工程师认可母材的返修、重要的或延迟裂纹的返修、对有内部缺陷的电渣焊缝和气电焊缝的返修、或由于修改设计而对缺损处进行补偿返修，必须事先得到工程师的同意。割开焊接构件前必须通知工程师。5.26.4InaccessibilityofUnacceptableWelds.难以返修的焊缝If,afteranunacceptableweldhasbeenmade,workisperformedwhichhasrenderedthatweldinaccessibleorhascreatednewconditionsthatmakecorrectionoftheunacceptablewelddangerousorineffectual,thentheoriginalconditionsshallberestoredbyremovingweldsormembers,orboth,beforethecorrectionsaremade.Ifthisisnotdone,thedeficiencyshallbecompensatedforbyadditionalworkperformedconformingtoanapprovedreviseddesign.已经造成不合格焊缝后，如果由于工作结束而使该不合格焊缝难以接近，或者出现新的情况、给返修工作带来危险或不能返修成功，那么返修前就必须清除焊缝或构件，或两者都除去，以恢复原有条件。如果不进行这一工作，则必须按照得到认可的修改设计实施追加的工作来补偿该缺陷。AWSD1.15.29ArcStrikes电弧击伤Arcstrikesoutsidetheareaofpermanentweldsshouldbeavoidedonanybasemetal.Cracksorblemishescausedbyarcstrikesshallbegroundtoasmoothcontourandcheckedtoensuresoundness.对于任何母材都应避免在永久性焊缝区域以外引燃电弧。电弧击伤导致的裂纹或损伤必须打磨成光滑外形，并作检查以保证金属完好。AWSD1.15.30WeldCleaning焊缝清理5.30.1In-ProcessCleaning过程中的清理Beforeweldingoverpreviouslydepositedmetal,allslagshallberemovedandtheweldandadjacentbasemetalshallbecleanedbybrushingorothersuitablemeans.Thisrequirementshallapplynotonlytosuccessivelayersbutalsotosuccessivebeadsandtothecraterareawhenweldingisresumedafteranyinterruption.Itshallnot,however,restricttheweldingofplugandslotweldsinconformancewith5.25.在焊接覆盖前道熔敷金属以前，必须清除所有焊渣，同时焊缝及邻近的母材必须擦刷或用其他合适的方法清理干净。这一要求不仅必须实施于逐次的焊层，而且必须实施于逐次的焊道以及任何中断焊接对弧坑区域的清理。但按照5.25要求进行的塞焊和槽焊必须不受此限制AWSD1.15.30.2CleaningofCompletedWelds.完工焊缝的清理Slagshallberemovedfromallcompletedwelds,andtheweldandadjacentbasemetalshallbecleanedbybrushingorothersuitablemeans.Tightlyadherentspatterremainingafterthecleaningoperationisacceptable,unlessitsremovalisrequiredforthepurposeofNDT.Weldedjointsshallnotbepainteduntilafterweldinghasbeencompletedandtheweldaccepted.必须清除所有完工焊缝的焊渣，并必须将焊缝及邻近的母材刷干净或用其他适当方法清理。清理后仍牢固粘附的飞溅残余物允许留存，为了无损检测而必须清除者除外。直到焊接工作已经完成并且焊缝验收合格为止，严禁焊缝涂漆。AWSD1.16InspectionPartAGeneralRequirementsPartBContr