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CriticalReadingTextAPre-readingQuestions1.Doyouusuallychallengetheideaanauthorrepresents?Whatdoyouthinkisactivereading?通常情况下，你是否会反对作者提出的观点？你认为什么是积极阅读？2.Whatsuggestionsdoyouexpecttheauthorwillgiveonreadingcritically?你希望作者就批判性阅读提出什么样的建议呢？Criticalreadingappliestonon-fictionwritinginwhichtheauthorputsforthapositionorseekstomakeastatement.Criticalreadingisactivereading.Itinvolvesmorethanjustunderstandingwhatanauthorissaying.Criticalreadinginvolvesquestioningandevaluatingwhattheauthorissaying,andformingyourownopinionsaboutwhattheauthorissaying.Herearethethingsyoushoulddotobeacriticalreader.阅读纪实文学适合用批评性的阅读方法，因为在非文学类作品里，作者常常会提出某种观点或是寻找作者的态度。批评性的阅读方法是一种主动性很强的阅读方法。它涉及到的不仅仅是理解作者所说的话。批评性的阅读方法还涉及到质疑和评估作者所说的话，涉及到作者所说的话要形成你自己的观点。如果你想要成为一名有批评性思维的读者，在这里我列出一些你应该做到的。1.criticaladj有判断力的；判断公正（或审慎的）eg:Trytodevelopamorecriticalattitude,insteadofacceptingeverythingatfacevalue.要学会对一切事物一丝不苟,而不要注重表面现象.其他用法：危机中的；危急时刻的；决定性的；关键的eg:Weareatacriticaltimeinourhistory.我们正处于历史的紧要关头。衍生：criticize,criticisevt①~sb/sth（forsth）pointoutthefaultsofsb/sth批评某人[某事物]；挑剔；非难eg:Stopcriticizing（mywork）!别再挑剔（我那作品）了!②formandexpressajudgmenton（aworkofart,literature,etc）评论（艺术﹑文学等作品）eg:teachingstudentshowtocriticizepoetry向学生讲授评论诗歌的方法criticismn.lookingforfaults;pointingoutfaults批评critic:n评论家.2.applyto使用；应用applytosb./sth.=beapplicabletosb./sth.e.g.Theseregulationsapplytoeveryone,withoutexception.applytosbforsth:向某人申请某物e.g.Thestudentappliedtotheembassyforavisa.apply的派生词：application,n.应用；申请；应用程序；敷用e.g.Didyousendupmyapplication?applicant,n.申请人，申请者；请求者e.g.Thisapplicantisbyfarthebetterthanthatone.applicable:adj.可适用的；可应用的；合适的putforth提出；产生eg:Darwinputforththetheoryofevolution.达尔文提出了进化论。Inspringthetreesputforthnewleaves.春天，树木长出新叶子。关系副词引导的定语从句①先行名词+where/in（on/at）whicheg:Collegeisaplacewhere/inwhichwelearnhowtolearn.大学是学会如何学习的地方。Forestisaplacewherepeoplecangetclosetonature.森林是可以接近自然的地方。②先行名词+when/in（on/at）whicheg:I'llneverforgetthedaywhenwefirstmetinthepark.我将永远不会忘记我们在公园第一次相遇的那一天。③先行名词+why/forwhicheg:Doyouknowthereasonwhyhedidn'tcometothemeetingyesterdaymorning？你知道他为什么没有参加昨天早上会议的原因吗？3、involve:vt包含，牵涉，参与，使陷入e.g.Idon’twantmyhusbandtobeinvolvedinthetrouble.e.g.Themeetingwasdecidedtoinvolveemployersinthemanagement.e.g.Theprojectinvolvesmuchdifficulty.Somephrase:involvein:参与，陷入involveoneselfin涉入involvesbinsth把某人牵涉到...Considerthecontextofwhatiswritten.Youmaybereadingsomethingthatwaswrittenbyanauthorfromadifferentculturalcontextthanyours.Or,youmaybereadingsomethingwrittensometimeagoinadifferenttimecontextthanyours.Ineithercase,youmustrecognizeandtakeintoaccountanydifferencesbetweenyourvaluesandattitudesandthoserepresentedbytheauthor.仔细思考作者的写作背景。你可能正在读一篇与你的文化背景截然不同的作者所写的文章。或者，你可能正在读一篇写于不同于你所处的时代的文章。不论哪种情况，你必须能搞清楚同时好好考虑你的价值观和态度与作者的不同之处。4.Sometime一段时间，一些时间，若干时间e.g.Hewentoutsometimeafterthem.Sometimeadv.改天；来日；在某一时候adj.以前的；某一时间的e.g.I'llgototheparksometimetomorrow.sometimesadv.有时，间或e.g.SometimesIthinkhedislikeme.Ineithercase,youmustrecognizeandtakeintoaccountanydifferencesbetweenyourvaluesandattitudesandthoserepresentedbytheauthor.不论哪种情况，你必须能搞清楚同时好好考虑你的价值观和态度与作者的不同之处。those是代词，代替前面的复数名词valuesandattitudes。代替可数名词单数或不可数名词用that。例如：Thestudentsinyourclassaremorehard-workingthanthoseinhisclass.Yourvoiceismorebeautifulthatthatofyourclassmates.Thepriceofthatbookishigherthanthatofthisone.take...intoaccount/consideration考虑到，顾及Whendecidingwhattodowemusttakeintoaccount/considerationallthedifficulties.在决定做某件事情的时候，我们必须把所有的困难都考虑进去。5.valuen.values[pl.]是非标准；价值观e.g.Thevalueofabookdoesnotdependfromitssize.valuableadj.有价值的；贵重的；可估价的n.贵重物品invaluable=pricelessadj.无价的；非常贵重的e.g.Butnomatterhowlongorshortthelist,moralvaluesareinvaluable.valuelessadj.无价值的；不值钱的；微不足道的e.g.Thereputationofbeingstrong-willedisvalueless.devaluatevt.使…贬值；降低…的价值；减少…的重要性e.g.China'sRMBshouldn'tdevaluate.evaluatevt.评价；估价；求…的值e.g.Don'tevaluatepeoplebytheirclothes.Undervaluevt.低估...之价值；看轻e.g.Heoftenundervaluedtheliteraryworksofyoungwriters.Questionassertionsmadebytheauthor.Don’tacceptwhatiswrittenatfacevalue.Beforeacceptingwhatiswritten,becertainthattheauthorprovidessufficientsupportforanyassertionsmade.Lookforfacts,examples,andstatisticsthatprovidesupport.Also,looktoseeiftheauthorhasintegratedtheworkofauthorities.合理质疑作者所做出的论断。对于作者写出来的不要全盘接受。你在接受作者的观点之前，要确保作者提供了足够多的论据来支持其论点。你要仔细查看支持论断的事实、举例和统计数据。同时，你要查看作者是否参考了权威专家的著作。accept/take...atfacevalue相信表面，信以为真Itendtotakethingsatfacevalue.我总是看事情的表现。Youshouldn'ttakeanythingshesaysatfacevalue.她的话你绝对不能只看表面。Also,looktoseeiftheauthorhasintegratedtheworkofauthorities.这里if是“是否”的意思，引导一个名词性从句。eg:Hemeasuredtheropetoseeifitwaslongenough.他量了量那根绳子看是否够长。integrate“整合；综合；融入；合并”Wemustintegratetheorywithpractice.我们必须把理论和实践结合起来。Comparewhatiswrittenwithotherwrittenworkonthesubject.Looktoseethatwhatiswrittenisconsistentwithwhatothershavewrittenaboutthesubject.Ifthereareinconsistencies,carefullyevaluatethesupporttheauthorprovidesfortheinconsistencies.把作者所写的内容和该题材其他著作做对比。看看作者所写的内容与该题材领域其他人所写的是否一致。如果有不一致之处，要仔细评估该处作者提供的论据。6.consistentadj.inagreeme