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EnergyProcedia12(2011)799–8071876-6102©2011PublishedbyElsevierLtd.Selectionand/orpeer-reviewunderresponsibilityofUniversityofElectronicScienceandTechnologyofChina(UESTC).doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2011.10.106Availableonlineat(2011)000–000:27–30September2011,Chengdu,ChinaTheRequirementsandTechnicalAnalysisofLowVoltageRideThroughfortheDoubly-FedInductionWindTurbinesChen-guangNiu*,Guan-qiLiuDepartmentofElectricalandElectronicEngineering,NorthChinaElectricPowerUniversity,Baoding,071003ChinaAbstractWiththecontinuingrapidincreaseoftheinstalledcapacityofthewindfarmsandtheconstructionofthelarge-scalewindfarms,utilitiesineverycountryhaveproposedmorestrictlygridcodesforthewindfarms.Thispaperwillmakeadetailedinstructionofthelowvoltageridethrough(LVRT)requirementforthewindfarms,basedontherulesforthewindfarmsaccessingtothepowersystem.ItwillalsomakeacomprehensiveanalysisandcomparisonsofthetechnologiestomeettheLVRTrequirementsforthedoubly-fedinductiongenerator(DFIG),whichisuseduniversality.Intheend,itwillmakeanimprovementofthetechnologiesandcomeupwiththefutureresearchdirection.©2011PublishedbyElsevierLtd.Selectionand/orpeer-reviewunderresponsibilityofICSGCE2011Keywords:Windfarm;Doubly-fedinductiongenerator;Lowvoltageridethough1.IntroductionInthepast10years,theinstalledcapacityoftheglobalwindpowermaintainedarapidgrowthmomentum.Basedonthecurrenttrendofacceleratedgrowth,theWorldWindEnergyCommitteehavemadeaprediction:bytheendof2020,thetotalglobalinstalledcapacitywillbeatleast1,900,000MW,atthesametime,theworld'selectricityconsumptionwillbe12%fromwindpower[1].Asthepenetrationlevelincreases,gridoperatorsinallregionshaveputforwardhigherstandardsinconnectingthewindpowerwiththepowersystem[2-6],relatedtoactiveandreactivepowercapability,voltageoperatingranges,lowvoltageridethrough(LVRT),andotheraspectsofcontrol.TheLVRTisconsideredtobethebiggestchallengeinwindturbines’designandmanufacturingtechnology[7].Toenhancethecapacityofwindfarms’LVRTwilldefinitelyincreasethecostofwindfarmprojects.Thus,accordingtothewindturbines'type,puttingforwardspecificrequirementofLVRTintheplanningstage*Correspondingauthor.Tel.:[phone].E-mailaddress:[e-mail].©2011PublishedbyElsevierLtd.Selectionand/orpeer-reviewunderresponsibilityofUniversityofElectronicScienceandTechnologyofChina(UESTC).800Chen-guangNiuandGuan-qiLiu/EnergyProcedia12(2011)799–8072Chen-guangNiuetal./EnergyProcedia00(2011)000–000ofwindfarmconstructionhasgreateconomicsignificance[8].Themorecommonwindturbineimplementationsarevariablespeed,forithastheadvantagesofhigherenergycapture,lessmechanicalstress,constantenergyoutputandlowernoise,comparedwiththeconstantspeedturbines.Sothemainstreammodelisbasedonvariablespeedconstantfrequency(VSCF)doublyfedinductioncontroltechnologywindturbines(DFIG)[9],Thispaperwillconsidersuchmodel,accordingdomesticandforeignresearches,todiscussitsLVRTrequirementsandtechnicalmeasures.2.GridCodesAllaroundtheworld,thegridcodesvaryinscopeandspecificdetailsfromonejurisdictiontoanother.Inordertoregulatewindfarms,allareashavedevelopedspecificationsaccordingtotheirrelevanttechnicalsituations.Theliteratures[5,6]havegivenWindPowergridspecificationsinEuropeandtheAmericas.TheStateGridCorporationofChinahaveestablishedWindPowerSystemtechnicalrequirements(revised)inFebruary,2009.Themainrequirementsaresummarizedbelow:(i)Activepower.Itprovidesaclearrequirementthatwindfarmsmusthavetheabilitytoregulatetheactivepower,andtocontroltheiractivepoweroutputinaccordancewiththedispatchingdepartmentdirectives.(ii)Reactivepower.Thewindfarmsarerequired,inanyway,toguaranteeacertainamountofreactivepowerregulationcapacity.Thepowerfactorrangeistypicallybetween0.9(lag)to0.98(lead).(iii)Voltagerange.Whenthevoltageofthepointofcommonconnectingdeviationbetween-10%-+10%,thewindturbinesshouldbeabletoworkproperly.Thewindfarmsshouldbeabletocontrolthepoint’svoltagebetween-3%-+7%,withinitscapacity.(iv)Frequencyoperatingrange.Thewindtuebinesareexpectedtooperatewithintypicalgridfrequencyvariationswhitchthesystemfrequencyvariesfrom49.5to50.5HZ.(v)LowVoltageRideThrough(LVRT).Intheeventofavoltagedrop,theturbinesarerequiredtoremainconnectedforaspecificamountoftimebeforebeingallowedtodisconnect.Thisrequirementistoensurethatthereisnolossofgenerationfornormallyclearedfaults.Disconnectingawindgeneratortooquicklycouldhaveanegativeimpactonthegrid,particularlywithlargewindfarms.3.LVRTRequirementsThemostrepresentativeLVRTrequirementwasproposedinEuropein2003byE.On,(Fig.1).Sincethen,manyjurisdictionshaveproposedtheirownversionoftheLVRTcurve,theoneappliedinChinaisillustratedinFig.2.Fig.1.E.OnlowvoltageridethroughrequirementThekeybasisforputtingforwardtheLVRTrequirementisthespecificcharacteristicsandconfigurationsofthegrid,whitchisthewindfarmsconnectingwith.Inaddition,thecapacityofwindChen-guangNiuandGuan-qiLiu/EnergyProcedia12(2011)799–807801Chen-guangNiuetal./EnergyProcedia00(2011)000–0003fa