Unit4-Lesson-Planning

Unit4LessonPlanningAimsoftheunit1.Whyislessonplanningimportant?2.Whataretheprinciplesforgoodlessonplanning?3.Howdowemakelessonplanning?4.Whatarethecomponentsofalessonplan?4.1Whyislessonplanningimportant?1.Whatislessonplanning?2.Whatshouldteachersdobeforetheclass?DiscussionDoyouthinkitistheonlytaskforthenoviceteachers?Doexperiencedteachersneedtoplantheirlessons?3.Whatcanlanguageteachersbenefitfromaproperlessonplanning?4.Whatshouldteachersdoaftertheclass?1.Whatislessonplanning?Lessonplanningisageneralguidanceforteacherstofollowintheclass.Itmeansbeforethelesson,teachersshouldmakeadecisioninadvanceaboutwhataimswillbeachieved;whattechniques,activitiesandmaterialswillbeusedintheclass.2.Whatshouldteachersdobeforetheclass?Inordertoachievetheaimsofthelesson,teachersneedtothinkabout:1.Theaimstobeachieved2.Thematerialstobecovered3.Theactivitiestobeorganized4.Thetechniquesandresourcestobeused5.HowtomakethelessontransitfromonestagetothenextsmoothlyUnpreparedteacherscannotfulfilltheteachingtasks,andreceivelesstrustandcooperationfromthestudents.3.Discussthefollowingstatementsinpairs1.Doyouthinkitistheonlytaskforthenoviceteachers?2.Doexperiencedteachersneedtoplantheirlessons?No,itisn’t.Experiencedteachersalsoneedtoplantheirlessons.Althoughtheyhavemanyyears'experienceandarefamiliarwiththemainteachingcontents,thestudentsaredifferent.thetimeisdifferent,andthemoodisalsodifferent.＊Properlessonplanningisessentialforbothnoviceandexperiencedteachers.4.Whatcanlanguageteachersbenefitfromaproperlessonplanning?Aclearlessonplanningmakestheteacher:(1)Toawareoftheaimsandlanguagecontentsofthelesson.(2)Tohelptheteachertodistinguishthevariousstagesofalesson.(3)Toseetherelationshipbetweenstagessothatthelessoncanmovesmoothlyfromonestagetoanother.(4)Tothinkabouthowthestudentscanbefullyengagedinthelesson.(5)Toawareoftheteachingaidsthatareneeded.(6)Tohelptheteacherstothinkabouttherelativevalueofdifferentactivitiesandhowmuchtimeshouldbespentonthem.5.Whatshouldteachersdoaftertheclass?Theteachercanaddanevaluationtotheplan,identifyingthosepartswhichwentwellandthosewhichwerelesssuccessful.Theplan,withtheteacher’scommentsandcorrections,provideausefultime-savingreferencewhentheteachernextplansthesamelesson.4.2PrinciplesforgoodlessonplanningTherearefivemajorprinciplesbehindgoodlessonplanning.aimvarietyflexibilitylearnabilitylinkageAimTheteachershouldhaveaclearideaofwhathe/shewouldliketoachieveforthelessonorwhatoutcomesareexpectedfromthelesson.Onelessonmayhaveanumberofaims.Aimsarenotthethingsteachersintendtododuringthelesson,butthethingsthatstudentsareabletodobytheendofthelesson.VarietyItmeansplanninganumberofdifferenttypesofactivitiesandwherepossibleintroducingstudentstoawideselectionofmaterialssothatlearningisalwaysinteresting.FlexibilityItmeansplanningtouseanumberofdifferentmethodsandtechniques.LearnabilityItmeansthecontentsandtasksplannedshouldbewithinthelearningcapabilityofthestudents.LinkageItmeansthestagesandthestepswithineachstageareplanninginsuchawaythattheyaresomehowlinkedwithoneanother.3.3Howdowemakelessonplanning?TwoTypesorLevels1.macroplanning2.microplanningMacroplanning—isplanningoveralongperiodoftime.Thisisoftendoneatthebeginningofthetermbyagroupofteachers.(planningforamonth,atermorthewholecourseandshowanobjectoramaterial)Microplanning—isplanningforaspecificlesson,anddifferentteachersmayhavedifferentwaysofwritingtheirownlessonplans.(usuallylasts40or50minutesrespectively).TherelationshipbetweenmacroandmicroplanningMicroplanningshouldbebasedonmacroplanning.andmacroplanningisapttobemodifiedaslessonsgoon.Infactthereisnoclearcutbetweenthem.Macroplanning(aterm)microplanningmicroplanning(aperiodoflesson)(aperiodoflesson)Howdowemakeamacroplanning?Macroplanningisnotwritinglessonforspecificlessonsbutratherhelpingteachersgetanoverallfeelingorideaaboutthecourseandalsogetfamiliarizedwiththecontextinwhichlanguageteachingtakesplace.ItinvolvesthefollowingP.55KnowingabouttheprofessionKnowingabouttheinstitutionKnowingaboutthelearnersKnowingaboutthecurriculum/syllabusKnowingabouttheobjectivesHowdowemakeamicroplanning?4.4ComponentsofalessonplanBackgroundinformation(teachingmaterials,students)Teachingaims(knowledge,abilityandmorallesson)LanguagecontentsandskillsStagesandproceduresTeachingaidsEndoflessonsummaryOptionalactivitiesandassignmentsAfterlessonreflection1.Backgroundinformation1.Whatmaterialsandteachingaidstobeused.2.Typeofthelesson?3.Whoarethestudents?4.Howmanystudentsarethereinclassandwhatages?5.Whichgradearetheyin?Whatgenders?6.Whataretheylike?7.Theteacheralsoneedstospecifythetimeandthedateofthelessonaswellasthetimedurationofthelesson.2.TeachingaimsTheimportantthingtodoinlessonplanningistodecidetheaimsofalessonwhichinclude.Whatlanguagecomponenttopresent.(knowledge)Whatcommunicativeskillstopractice.(ability)Whatstudentsdrawfromthelesson?(morallesson)Whatactivitiestodesign.Teachingobjectivesshouldfocusonthelearners’performanceratherthantheteachers’Inordertolayagoodfoundationforcontinuingdevelopment,thelanguageobjectivesinle