1非谓语动词重要考点:一、不定式;-ing形式;-ed形式二、省略to的不定式;三、带to与不带to意思不同的情况;四、只用-ing做宾语的动词五、只用to的不定式做宾语的动词在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。具体含义为在句中起名词,形容词或副词作用的动词形式,而不是作谓语的动词形式。谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别:1)谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语,而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。MissMaryteachesusEnglish.玛丽教我们英语。(teaches动词作谓语)Mr.Licametoourclassroomtohaveatalkwithuslastweek.(tohaveatalk....不定式作状语)2)谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制,而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。Mikelikesthepopmusic.(动词用单数第三人称形式)Lucyhasnothingtodotoday。(do用原形)非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式,动名词和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。1)不定式时态\语态主动被动一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone2)动名词时态\语态主动被动一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone3)分词时态\语态主动被动一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone否定形式:not+不定式,not+动名词,not+现在分词动词不定式一、结构及特征:21、动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”,有时可以不带to。2、特点:动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语,但可以担任除谓语外的任何成分——主语、表语、宾语、状语和宾语补足语,所以我们又称之为非谓语形式。动词不定式仍保留动词的特点,即它可以有自己的宾语和状语。二、动词不定式的用法:动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。1)作主语Tofinishtheworkintenminutesisveryhard.TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.动词不定式短语作主语时,往往用it作形式主语,真正的不定式主语置于句后,如上面两句可改为:Itisveryhardtofinishtheworkintenminutes.ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.这种句型可归纳为下面的句型:It+be+名词+todoItis+adj.+动词不定式如果要说明不定式表示的动作执行者,可以用for+sb.Itis+adj.+forsb.todosth.(用for+sb.说明不定式表示的动作执行者)2)作表语Mywishistobecomeateacher.Mychiefpurposeistopointoutthedifficultiesofthematter.Yourdutyistowaterflowerseveryday.Heseemstohavefewfriendshere.3)作宾语①常与不定式连用作宾语的动词有:want,like,begin,star,choose,forget,remember,need,wouldlike,decide,ask,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help,agree,promise,prefer等,如:Mostofusliketowatchfootballmatches.Pleaseremembertopostthisletter.Iplantobuyanewcomputer.②动词不定式作宾语时,如果他后面有宾语补足语,常用it作形式宾语,而真正的宾语即不定式放在宾补后面。句型结构为:主语+谓语+it+宾语补足语+动词不定式Ifounditeasytomakeapaperplane.Ifounditdifficulttosolvetheproblem.Hefeelsithisdutytohelpthepoor.Wefinditnecessarytohelptheblind.③在英语中有些动词如:know,wonder,decide,learn等词后可接“疑问词+不定式”作宾语Pleaseshowushowtodoit.Thequestionishowtosolveit.Ican’tdecidewheretogo.3Theboydidn’tknowhowtousethecomputer.4)作宾语补足语①后接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词(短语)有:ask,tell,beg,like,love,wouldlike,hate,order,teach,want,allow,warn,encourage,wish,cause,advise,force,permit,persuade,Prepare,invite,urge等Theteachersoftenencourageustostudyhard.FatherallowsustowatchTVatnight.Myteachertoldusnottoplayontheroad.②后接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:感官动词hear,feel,see,watch,notice,listento,lookat;使役动词let,make,have。另外help后的动词不定式可带to也可省to(省略to的不定式在改写成被动语态时,动词后一定要把to加上)Isawhimdance.IheardLucysingintheclassroom.Ioftenhelpmymother(to)dohousework.Thebossmadetheworkersworkallday.(改被动Theworkersweremadetoworkallday.Hetoldmetobehereontime.5)作定语①不定式作定语往往放在被修饰词的后面,作后置定语Ihavenothingtosayaboutthatthing.Thenextbustoarriveisat7:45.ReadingaloudisthebestwaytolearnEnglish.②与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,如果是不及物动词需要加介词,如:Istherearoomtolivein?Wouldyoupleasegivemesomepapertowriteon.Couldyoupassmeapentowritewith.③与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,同时与句中其他词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系时,尽管由被动意义,却仍然用主动。Doyouhaveanythingtosayonthisproblem?Wouldyoumindgivingmesomethingtodrink?④与被修饰词之间有动宾关系而不存在主谓关系,则需用被动语态:Doyouhaveanythingtobetakentoyourmum?6)作状语(目的,结果,原因等)Hestoppedtohavealook.(目的)Heransofastastocatchthefirstbus.(目的)Hewokeuptofindeverybodygone.(结果)I’mgladtoseeyou.(原因)注意:不定式放句首时,逻辑主语和句子的要主语一致:如TolearnEnglishwell,adictionaryisneeded.(错)TolearnEnglishwell,heneedsadictionary.(正确)4三、不定式作副词的用法--作状语。①不定式可以在句子中作目的、原因和结果状语。Iamsorrytohavebotheredyou.我非常抱歉打搅了你。(原因状语)Theywillcometothecitytolookforajob.他们将要到大城市来找工作。(目的状语)Ifyouaresostupidastodoso,youmustexpecttrouble.你如果愚蠢得这样做事,你就等着自找麻烦吧。(结果状语)②“too...to...”结构中的不定式含有否定的意思,因此“too...to...”表示“太……而不能……”。Theboyistooyoungtojointhearmy.这孩子太小,还不能参军。Heistoobusytoseeme.他太忙,不能来看我。③“soas...+不定式”结构,不定式作目的状语,意思是“以便……”。“so+形容词(副词)+as+不定式”结构,不定式作结果状语。Hewenttherequicklysoastomeether.他赶快到那里去以便可以碰见她。(目的)Hewassokindastoofferhisseattome.承他好意,把座位让给了我。(结果)Themanwassoangryastosmashthethingsintheroom.这个人气极了,便开始摔屋里的东西。(结果)四、不定式的否定形式:nottodo/nodo典型例题①Tellhim___thewindow.A.toshutnotB.nottoshutC.tonotshutD.notshut解析:B.tellsbtodosth的否定形式为tellsbnottodosth.②Shewarnedherdaughter________computergamestoomuch.A.nevertoplayB.toneverplayC.neverplayingD.neverplay解析:A.warnsbtodosth的否定形式为warnsbnot(never)todosth.五、动词不定式与疑问词连用:疑问词who,what,which和疑问副词when,where,how,why等后面可以接动词不定式,构成动词不定式短语,可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。例如:(1)Hedoesn’tknowhowtousethemachine.(不定式作宾语)(2)Howtousethemachineisaquestion.(不定式作主语)(3)Thequestioniswhentogothere.(不定式作表语)六、省to的动词不定式1.感官动词see,watch,observe,notice,lookat,hear,listento,smell,taste,feel+do表示动作的完整性,真实性;+doing表示动作的连续性,进行性初中接触的动词可以这样记忆:一感(feel)二听(hear,listento)三使,让(let,make,have)四看看(see,lookat,watch,notice)半帮助(help)别忘了省略的to变为被动语态时要再加上(主变被还原to)5Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调“我看见了”这个事实)Isawhimworkinginthegardenyesterday.昨天我见他正在花园里干活。(强调“我见他正干活”这个动作)感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词:Thecaketastesgood;Itfeelscomfortable.(2)helphelpsbdohelpsbtodohelpdohelptodo(3)下列结构必须使用不带to的动词不定式。hadbetterdo...最好还是做……wouldyoupleasedo...请您做……wouldratherdo...(thando)宁愿做……wouldsoonerdo...愿做……mayjustaswelldo...是做……的好ratherthando...而不是做……Why…/whynot…句型中Ratherthangoout,Iprefertostayathome.Hewouldratherdiethangivein.Whynothavearest.=Whydon’tyouhavearest.(4)使役动词let,have,