语言学复习试题及参考答案

1语言学复习试题及参考答案I.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement(20x1)1.Whichofthefollowingisnotadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage?A.ArbitrarinessB.DisplacementC.DualityD.Meaningfulness2.AccordingtoF.deSaussure,_______referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.A.paroleB.performanceC.langueD.Language3.Theassimilationruleassimilatesonesoundtoanotherby“copying”afeatureofasequentialphoneme,thusmakingthetwophones____________.A.identicalB.sameC.exactlyalikeD.similar4.Distinctivefeaturescanbefoundrunningoverasequenceoftwoormorephonemicsegments.Thephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegmentsarecalled_______.A.phoneticcomponentsB.immediateconstituentsC.suprasegmentalfeaturesD.semanticfeatures5.Themorpheme“vision”inthecommonword“television”isa(n)______.A.boundmorphemeB.boundformC.inflectionalmorphemeD.freemorpheme6.Themeaningcarriedbytheinflectionalmorphemeis_______.A.lexicalB.morphemicC.grammaticalD.semantic7.Phrasestructureruleshave____properties.A.recursiveB.grammaticalC.socialD.functional8.Thesyntacticrulesofanylanguageare____innumber.A.largeB.smallC.finiteD.infinite9.“Weshallknowawordbythecompanyitkeeps.”Thisstatementrepresents_______.A.theconceptualistviewB.contexutalismC.thenamingtheoryD.behaviourism10.“Alive”and“dead”are______________.A.gradableantonymsB.relationaloppositesC.complementaryantonymsD.Noneoftheabove11.Whatessentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsiswhetherinthestudyofmeaning_________isconsidered.A.referenceB.speechactC.practicalusageD.context12.__________istheactperformedbyorresultingfromsayingsomething;itistheconsequenceof,orthechangebroughtaboutbytheutterance.A.AlocutionaryactB.AnillocutionaryactC.AperlocutionaryactD.Aperformativeact13.Languagechangeis______________.A.universal,continuousand,toalargeextent,regularandsystematicB.continuous,regular,systematic,butnotuniversalC.universal,continuous,butnotregularandsystematicD.alwaysregularandsystematic,butnotuniversalandcontinuous14.InOldandMiddleEnglish,both/k/and/n/intheword“knight”werepronounced,butinmodernEnglish,/k/inthesound/kn-/clusterswasnotpronounced.Thisphenomenonisknownas________.A.soundadditionB.soundloss2C.soundshiftD.soundmovement15.Themostdistinguishablelinguisticfeatureofaregionaldialectisits_____.A.useofwordsB.useofstructuresC.accentD.morphemes16._________meansthatcertainauthorities,suchasthegovernmentchoose,aparticularspeechvariety,standardizeitandspreadtheuseofitacrossregionalboundaries.A.LanguageinterferenceB.LanguagechangesC.LanguageplanningD.Languagetransfer17.Humanlinguisticabilitylargelydependsonthestructureanddynamicsof_________.A.humanbrainB.humanvocalcordsC.humanmemoryD.human18.Themostimportantpartofthebrainistheoutsidesurfaceofthebrain,called_________.A.theneuronsB.nervepathwaysC.cerebralcortexD.sensoryorgans19.Thedevelopmentoflinguisticskillsinvolvestheacquisitionof____rulesratherthanthemerememorizationofwordsandsentences.A.culturalB.grammaticalC.behaviorD.pragmatic20.Accordingtothe_______,theacquisitionofasecondlanguageinvolves,andisdependenton,theacquisitionofthecultureofthetargetlanguagecommunity.A.acculturationviewB.mentalistviewC.behaviouristviewD.conceptualistviewII.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse(10x1)21.Peoplecanutterasentencehehasneverheardorusedbefore.Inthissense,humanlanguageiscreative.22.InEnglishbothaspiratedandunaspiratedvoicelessstopsoccur.Thevoicelessaspiratedstopsandthevoicelessunaspiratedstopsoccurinthesamephonemiccontextorenvironment.23.ParametersaresyntacticoptionsofUGthatallowgeneralprinciplestooperateinonewayoranotherandcontributetosignificantlinguisticvariationsbetweenandamonglanguages.24.Syntacticmovementoccurstoallsentences,therefore,thedeepstructureandsurfacestructureofeverysentencelookdifferentatitstwolevelsofrepresentation.25.TheAnglo-SaxonsweremigrantsfromthenorthernpartsofEurope,sothewordsthattheyoriginallyusedandthewordsthattheEnglishvocabularyhaslatertakeninfromotherlanguagesareregardedasloanwords.26.PaulGricemadeadistinctionbetweenwhathecalled“constatives”and“performatives”.27.MostofthelanguagesofEurope,Persia(Iran),andthenorthernpartofIndiabelongtothe得分3sameIndo-Europeanlanguagefamily.Thelanguage,whichnolongerexists,iscalledProto-Indo-European,atermreflectingtheearlierlinguisticdistributionofthespeakersofthislanguagefamilyfromIndiatoEurope.28.InBlackEnglish,whentheverbisnegated,theindefinitepronounssomething,somebody,andsomebecomethenegativeindefinitesnothing,nobody,andnone,asin:Hedon’tknownothing.Hedon’tlikenobody.Heain’tgotnone.29.Thecerebralcortexisthedecision-makingorganofthebody,receivingmessagesfromallthesensoryorgansandinitiatingallvoluntaryactions.30.Duringthetwo-wordstageoflanguageacquisition,two-wordexpressionsareabsentofsyntacticormorphologicalmarkers.III.DefineSixofthefollowingtenterms,illustratethemifnecessary(6x5).31.allomorph32.boundmorpheme33.semantics34.reference35.synonymy,36.predicationanalysis,37.criticalperiodhypothesis38.linguisticcompetence39.bilingualism40.psycholinguisticsIV.Answerthefollowingquestionsascom