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专题四阅读理解1.审标题，通全文，明大意。首先，对于有标题的阅读材料，务必要先审标题，从标题中我们可以想像材料的内容和走向，有助于对材料的理解。其次，一定要学会用扫描式快速阅读法来通读全文，对那些无关紧要的地方可一扫而过，在关键之处要适当放慢速度加以思考，重在初步了解阅读材料的主旨大意。2.读问题，精复读，断答案。初步了解了阅读材料的主旨大意之后，要认真阅读问题，明确考查角度，有的放矢地进行复读、精读，以提高解题效率和准确性。常见题型的解题思路与技巧：(1)事实细节题事实细节题属表层理解范畴，答案一般都能在原文中直接找到，因此难度系数较小。该类问题往往以what,who,which,when,where,why,how等词提出，是对文中某句、某段或某一具体细节所作的提问。此类问题我们只需看准题目要求，带着问题在原文中找到相关细节，便可迅速找到正确答案。利用题目的关键词去寻找文中对应词，在对应词周围找答案。［范例］Weblanguageispopular.TodaymoreandmoreChinglishwordsareusedbyChinese,especiallytheyoungChinese.Oneexampleis“antizen”,anantizenisacollegegraduate(毕业生)whomakeslessmoneyandlivesinasmallapartment,likeatinyandhard-workingant.［问题］WholiketouseChinglish?A.AlltheChinese.B.TheyoungChinese.C.Theantizens.D.Thecollegestudents.【解析】选B。本题属细节理解题。该题的关键词是useChinglish，这个我们可以在第一段第二句“...ChinglishwordsareusedbyChinese,especiallytheyoungChinese”找到对应词。分析这句话可得答案B。根据题干内容，在原文中搜索选择项，对号入座。（2011·青岛中考）［范例］Here’saninterviewtoapilotabouthislife.(R=Reporter;P=Pilot)R:Howmuchtimedopilotsactuallyspendflyingaplane?P:Itvaries(WES’J)fromabout20minutesonsomedomestic(国内的)flightstoasmuchas18hoursoninternationalflights.Italldependsonwhethertheflightisashort-orlong-haulflight.R:Dopilotstakebreaksduringflightsordotheyflythewholetime?P:Yes,wetakebreaksduringlong-haulflights.Airlinesassign(指派)threeorfourpilotstolongflights.Wetaketurnsflyingtheplane.R:Ifpilotsaretravelingallthetime,howdotheydealwithjetlag(时差)?P:Jetlagisannoyingforalmostallpilots.ItrytogotosleepasIwouldathome.R:Howimportantisittoknowtheweightandsizeoftheplaneyouareflying?P:Itisveryimportant.Weweighalmosteverythingputintotheairplaneandmakeestimates(估计)accordingtothenumberofpeopleoneachflight.R:Dopilotseattheairplanefood?P:Yes,weeatbusinessclassfood!Airplanefoodchangeseveryseasonandisverydeliciousifyoudon’thateeatinglobster(龙虾)everyday!Thepilotsonthesameplanearesupposedtomakedifferentmealchoicessothatifoneofthedishescausesfoodpoisoning,onlyoneofthemwillbesick.Thatway,atleastonepilotwillalwaysbewellenoughtoflytheplane!［问题］Whatquestiondoesn’tthereporteraskintheinterview?A.Howtokeeppassengerssafe?B.Howlongdopilotsactuallyspendflyingaplane?C.Howtodealwithjetlag?D.Howtotakebreaksduringflying?【解析】选A。本题属细节理解题。全文记者共问了五个问题。到原文中去搜索这四个选择项，我们会发现B是第一个问题，C是第三个问题，D是第二个问题，唯独找不到A,故选A。（2）推理判断题该题型考查学生通过文章表层信息推测其隐含信息的能力，要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断。该类题虽然在原文中不能直接找到答案，但是有间接的暗示和线索，切记它不是读者本人的看法或观点。根据文中某个词、句子或段落进行推理。［范例］Onedayayoungmanwalkedintoapetshopandsaidtotheshopassistant,“CouldIhavetwomiceandabouttwentyroaches(蟑螂)?”“Whydoyouneedthesethings?”theshopassistantwasverysurprised.“Well,”answeredtheyoungman,“I’mmovingoutofmyapartment(公寓)andthelandlord(房东)saidthatIshouldleavethehouseinexactlythesameconditionasIfoundit.”［问题］Fromthepassageweknowtheapartmentmaybe_______beforetheyoungmanmovedintoit.A.verycleanB.justcleanedbythelandlordC.tidyandcomfortableD.dirtyandfullofinsects(昆虫)【解析】选D。根据文章中的句子“I’mmovingoutofmyapartmentandthelandlordsaidthatIshouldleavethehouseinexactlythesameconditionasIfoundit.”可知年轻人买老鼠和蟑螂的原因是房东要求房屋必须和年轻人搬进来时一模一样。据此我们可以推断年轻人入住前，公寓一定是很脏，且有很多昆虫，故选D。根据作者的语气、论调和倾向进行推断。［范例］Bill:DoIhavetotakethetest?Teacher:Doyouwanttopassthecourse?［问题］Whatdidtheteachermean?A.Billmuststudytopass.B.Billwon’tpassunlesshetakesthetest.C.Billneedn’ttakethetest.D.Billmaymissthetest.【解析】选B。根据对话内容可知，比尔不想参加考试，但老师告诉他，不参加考试，本门课程就过不了关。由此可推知应选B项。（3）词义猜测类该题型主要考查考生通过上下文去判断词义。词义题的考查有两种：一种是超纲词含义的推断，另一种是熟词生义的推断。根据前后的比较对照关系、对它的定义、重述以及举例等进行猜测。［范例］Doyouhaveanyforeignfriends?Doyouknowtheircharacteristics(特征)?TheGermansareveryquietandtheyalwayskeepcalm.Theydon’tliketospeakmorewords.Theylookveryserious.Theylikedifferentkindsofamusements.TheGermansareveryhard-working.Theyliketidiness,especiallythewomen,whoalwayskeeptheirhomeclean.［问题］Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tidiness”meaninChinese?A.整洁B.沉默的C.文静D.孤独的【解析】选A。一方面，由下文“especiallythewomen,whoalwayskeeptheirhomeclean.”可知他们爱整洁、爱干净；另一方面，从句法结构上看tidiness作like的宾语，不可能是形容词；再者，-ness是名词词缀，故选A。利用同义词、同位语以及构词法等进行猜测。（2011·沈阳中考）［范例］Ifyou’reintosports,you’veseenithappen—tennisplayersjumpoverthenettoshakehandsafterahardmatch;footballplayersexchangejerseys（运动衣）afterninetyminutesofknockingeachotheraround;evenboxerstouchglovesatthebeginningofeachround.Playersineveryevent,fromspellingbeestogolf（高尔夫球），actinthisway.It’sallpartofsportsmanship（体育精神），agreattraditioninsportsandcompetition.Itmeansplayingandbeingcalmallthroughthematch.［问题］Theunderlinedword“bees”inthepassagemeans_______.A.flyB.competitionC.guessD.research【解析】选B。把spellingbees，golf分别与下文的sports，competition对应起来，很容易猜到bees和competition是同义词。(4)数字推算类该题型要求学生根据文章提供的数据及内在的关系作出简单的计算和推断。理清有关数字的关系，列出数学算式。［范例］Youmayknowabout“junkfood”likeFrenchfries.Butdoyouknowabout“junksleep”?Recently,aBritishsurveyfoundthatelectronic(电子的)productsinteenagers’bedroomsareaffecting(影响)theirsleep.Thesurveywasdoneamong1,000Britishkidsfrom12to16.Itfoundthat30percentofthemgotjust4to7hours’sleepeveryday.Butdoctorssaytheyneed8to9hours.......技巧技巧［问题］_______ofthechildreninthesurveysleeponly4to7hoursaday.A.200B.300C.500D.1,000【解析】选B。根据文章的第三段第一、二句我们可以作这样一个简单的计算：100030%=300，故答案为B。（5）主旨大意类该类题型在历年中考出现的频率也很高，