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-I-本科课程论文题目：宜良县地质地貌灾害特征、诱因及防治措施院系：资源与环境学院专业：地理科学专业姓名：学号：导师姓名：-II-宜良县地质地貌灾害特征、诱因及防治措施（玉溪师范学院资源与环境学院，云南玉溪653100）摘要：地质灾害是指由地球内营力引起的地壳变形、位移及地表物质运动所产生的有害过程和现象，主要有地震、火山、断陷、地气灾害与魔鬼三角区等。地貌灾害则是由地球外营力导致的地表固体物质运动所产生的有害过程及现象，主要有水土流失、泥石流、沙漠化、滑坡、崩塌等。随着宜良县经济社会的快速发展，人类工程活动规模与强度不断加大，滑坡、崩塌、泥石泥等地质灾害时有发生，一定程度上影响了宜良县国民经济持续健康发展和社会安定，因此地质灾害的防治已成为了很重要的一项工作。为切实做好地质灾害防治工作，最大限度地避免和减轻地质灾害损失，保护人民群众生命财产安全，促进社会和经济协调发展，近年来，宜良县积极开展地质灾害监测、治理和预警防治工作的，编制了地质灾害防治规划和汛期突发性地质灾害防治预案，确保了人民群众生命财产的安全。本文根据所学地理知识，收集整理了宜良县主要的地质灾害类型、特征、诱发机制及防治措施。关键词：地质灾害;特征;诱因;防治GeologicaldisasterscharacteristicsYiliangCounty,-III-incentivesandpreventivemeasuresChanningYu(YuxiTeachers'CollegeofResourcesandEnvironmentCollege,Yuxi653100)Abstract:Geologicaldisastersistheharmfulprocessesandphenomenacrustaldeformation,displacementandmovementoftheEarth'ssurfacematerialcausedbytheforcegeneratedbythecamp,mainlyearthquakes,volcanoes,rift,toairdisastersandTriangleareas.GeomorphichazardsareharmfultotheprocessandthephenomenonofsurfacemovementofsolidmaterialfromtheEarthcausedbyoutsideforcesgenerated,mainlysoilerosion,landslides,desertification,landslides,avalanchesandsoon.WiththerapideconomicandsocialdevelopmentofYiliangCounty,thescaleandintensityofhumanactivitycontinuestoincrease,whengeologicaldisasterslandslides,avalanches,mudandotherdebrishaveoccurred,toacertainextentaffectedthesustainedandhealthydevelopmentofnationaleconomyandsocialstabilityYiliangCounty,Therefore,preventionofgeologicaldisastershasbecomeaveryimportantjob.Toeffectivelypreventandcontrolgeologicaldisasters,themaximumtoavoidgeologicaldisastersandmitigatelossesandprotectpeople'slivesandpropertysafety,promotecoordinatedsocialandeconomicdevelopmentinrecentyears,activeinYiliangCountyofgeologicaldisastermonitoring,managementandearlywarningpreventionwork,preparedageologicaldisasterpreventionplanningandfloodpreventionandcontrolofgeologicaldisasterssuddenplanstoensurethesafetyofpeople'slifeandproperty.Basedontheknowledgelearnedgeography,-IV-collectedamajorgeologicaldisastersYiliangtypes,characteristics,inducedmechanismandpreventionmeasures.Keywords:geologicaldisaster,prevention,features,incentives目录-V-1宜良县地质灾害基本情况............................................................................................61.1地质灾害类型及分布特征.................................................................................62宜良县主要地质灾害类型、特征、诱因及防治措施................................................62.1滑坡..................................................................................................................62.1.1滑坡的诱因...............................................................................................72.1.2滑坡的特征...............................................................................................72.1.3滑坡防治措施...........................................................................................72.2宜良县泥石流灾害..............................................................................................82.2.1泥石流的诱因...........................................................................................92.2.2泥石流特征...............................................................................................92.2.3泥石流防治措施.......................................................................................92.3崩塌....................................................................................................................102.4地面塌陷............................................................................................................112.5地震....................................................................................................................132.6地裂缝................................................................................................................153宜良县地质灾害防治总体措施..................................................................................16参考文献.............................................................................................................................19指导教师简介.....................................................................................................................20致谢.................................................................................................................................21附录.................................................................................................................................22-6-1宜良县地质灾害基本情况1.1地质灾害类型及分布特征宜良县地质灾害类型有崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、地面塌陷、地震和地裂缝等。2010年，全县共调、排查出地质灾害隐患点143处，其中滑坡127个、崩塌2个、泥石流沟11条、地面塌陷2处、地裂缝1条，均以小型为主，少数为中型。滑坡比较发育，占灾害总数的88.8％。滑坡、崩塌主要分布于汤池镇、竹山镇、匡远镇、耿家营乡、马街镇、北古城镇及安（宁）石（林）公路沿线，其中造成较大危害的滑坡、崩塌主要有汤池镇麻沟村、速家庄及煤炭箐滑坡，匡远镇木渣箐、安家田、上下安乐村滑坡，竹山镇禄丰村KS6＋500米、禄丰村后山滑坡及小荒田崩塌，古城镇小龙兑村、小柴石滩滑坡，耿家营乡尼龙、小扯郎滑坡，九乡乡三角洞村及小河村滑坡，狗街镇白石岩崩塌等；泥石流主要分布于竹山乡、匡远镇、北古城镇、马街镇及南（宁）昆（明）铁路、昆（明）河（口）铁路、安（宁）石（林）公路沿线，其中竹山镇龙扎坝、小茂所、莫洛克泥石流，匡远镇东山、安家田、大沙滩泥石流、新村泥石流，北古城镇海发村、大龙兑村及马鞍山二采石场泥石流，马街乡马家冲泥石流规模和危害较大；地面塌陷和地裂缝主要分布于汤池镇和马街镇两个褐煤主产地。2宜良县主要地质灾害类型、特征、诱因及防治措施2.1滑坡滑坡是指斜坡上的土体或岩体,受河流冲刷、地下水活动、地震、人工切坡等因素的影响,沿着一定的软弱面或软弱带,整体地或分散地顺坡向下滑动的自然现象。宜良县已发现（生）滑坡地点：汤池镇麻沟村滑坡：滑坡初现于1997年7月，1999年滑坡复