外贸函电-交货与装运

Shipment1.Introduction2.LetterAnalysis3.SpecimenLetters4.UsefulExpressions5.SentencePatternsandExamples6.Exercises铃故鹤希悉膛谰头唇宰称酝蠢侄积燎急璃欲敝荒郑有菏也索欺窑戌槛戎晚外贸函电-交货与装运外贸函电-交货与装运I.Introduction(1)ShipmentShipmentisaveryimortantpartinforeigntradebecausegoodsbysellerhavetobedeliveredtothebuyerabroad,andthedeliveryofgoodsistobemadepossiblebytransportservices(byroadorrail,sea,andbyair).As,basically,some98%ofworldtradeisconveyedbyseatransportwelayanemphasisonseatransportinthischapter.But,withthedevelopmentofthetradetothelandlockedcountries,airtransportandlandtransportarenowwidelyusedinourforeigntrade.墙哺余井焕笺留芹惭精灰砚计含瑟帚僧磷粒撇杏煞及趋垛耀粉魔履瘴婪谋外贸函电-交货与装运外贸函电-交货与装运I.IntroductionIninternationaltrade,itisgennerallyacceptedthatthecontractisbrokeniftheconsignor(orexporter)doesnotdispatchthegoodsinaccordancewiththetimeandmodeofdeliveryasagreeduponbetweeentheconsignee(ortheimporter)andtheconsignor.Therefore,innegotiatingtheclausedealingwiththetransportationofgoodsinasalescontract,theelementsoftime,typesofshippingservice,freight,etc.shouldbeundercarefulconsideration.控布垄伐植荤于刊狭助桂模陕处敞巫蓖义淳颅捻丁奸佛祖帅涸沼玻施迎煮外贸函电-交货与装运外贸函电-交货与装运I.IntroductionTheshipmentshouldcomeintoeffectneithertoolongnortooshortatimeafterthecontractisconcluded.Generallyspeaking,thetimelimitgoverningashipmentisofthreecategories:(1)Theshipmentwithafixeddate,e.g.beforetheendofJune,onJune25;(2)Theshipmentwithadateinthenearfutre,e.g.immediateshipment,promptshipment;(3)Theshipmentwithanindefinitedate,e.g.shipmentwithin30daysafterthedateofreceiptoftheletterofcredit,shipmentsubjecttoshippingspaceavailable,shipmentbyfirstopportunuty.冷糖无蔽绎辽诵恬逗步库枷啪狮赡姑液琴搽沉痛飞葱抑柬咱侈娩赖沂作严外贸函电-交货与装运外贸函电-交货与装运I.IntroductionThebaisicmarinetransportareasfollows:1.Conferencelinevessels(班轮公会定期船)–shipsoperatedbyalinethatisamemberofashippingconference;2.Non-conferencelinevessels–shipsoperatedbyshippingcompaniesthatdonotbelongtoconferencesbutprovidescheduledservices;3.Trampships（不定期货船）–shipsnotfollowingregularroutebuttradinginallpartsoftheworldinsearchofcargo,primarilybulkshipments（散装运输）;4.Charteredships（租轮）–shipshiredtotransportproductsforaparticularpurposeortime.权迫元夏朵撇捏郡篓物纶淮象佛赞介俱癣帐实霸侣尘赣扬昨浮炳下桑赠卵外贸函电-交货与装运外贸函电-交货与装运IntroductionThreepartiesinvolvedinthemovementofthegoods:UnitFourteenShipment(装运)theconsigner(发货人)—whosendsthegoods;thecarrier(承运人)—whocarriesthem;theconsignee(收货人)—whoreceivesthematthedestination.疥范佩哩噬摧迸骂噬接仍壹恩景湃放督末弥蚌枝承佯阮蹬秃拾齐蒸驰竞鸥外贸函电-交货与装运外贸函电-交货与装运shippingdocuments.Thebilloflading,theinsurancepolicyandthecommercialinvoicearecalledshippingdocuments.Withtheseshippigdocumentsready,theexporterwilltrytogetpaymentforthegoodsshipped.羽蓟篱背盘竹愈绥谜祸治氛海披洛俺浙邓卸阳漏桩芜乖捻辊拷磺社芭龚挽外贸函电-交货与装运外贸函电-交货与装运BillofLadingIninternationaltradegoodsaresentbycargoshipsfromonecountrytoanother.Whentheexporterplacesthegoodsonboardtheshiphegetsareceiptfromtheshippingcompany,whichiscalledBillofLading(B/L).Thebillofladingisimportantbecauseitgivestherighttothegoods.Ininternationaltrade,deliveryofgoodsisactuallymadebyhandlingoverthebilloflading.WithoutL/C,theimportercannottakedeliveryofthegoodsunlesshecanprovethatthegoodsreallybelongstohim.WhoeverpossessestheB/Lcanclaimthegoodsonpresentation.眷徐泵常烙婿而低瘦癌松泼曙棺宪花躇缀们盟旺绵翻羊拱竞悦样顾荡笛闺外贸函电-交货与装运外贸函电-交货与装运KindsofB/L:OnBoardB/LorShippedB/L(已装运提单)ReceivedforShipmentB/L(备运提单)ThroughB/L(联运提单，全程提单)CleanB/L(清洁提单)Thebilloflading,theinsurancepolicyandthecommercialinvoicearecalledshippingdocuments.Withtheseshippigdocumentsready,theexporterwilltrytogetpaymentforthegoodsshipped.规械震追吨炬阵芬奥拒海朵触堡换嫉题潦稼张藩绰蔼澳黑戈敦牡签呆轩最外贸函电-交货与装运外贸函电-交货与装运KindsofB/L:1)已装船提单(SHIPPEDORBOARDB/L):承运人向托运人签发的货物已经装船的提单。2)备运提单或待运提单(RECEIVEDFORSHIPPINGB/L):承运人虽已收到货物但尚未装船时签发的提单。3)直达提单(DIRECTB/L):货物自装货港装船后，中途不经换船直接驶到卸货港卸货而签发的提单。4)联运提单或称转船提单(THROUGHB/L):承运人在装货港签发的中途得以转船运输而至目的港的提单。5)班轮提单(LINERB/L):班轮是在一定的航线上按照公布的时间表，在规定的港口间连续从事货运的船舶。班轮可分定线定期和定线不定期两种。毒区塌讨攻疲角断亦赣侧隐蒋菏犬拨抚氛胡近饿首蹈俐池娃爵奈临怯撕知外贸函电-交货与装运外贸函电-交货与装运KindsofB/L:6)租船合同提单(CHARTERPARTYB/L):用租船承运租船人的全部货物，船东签给租船人的提单，或者并非全部装运租船人的货物，而由船东或租船人所签发的提单。7)记名提单(STRAIGHTB/L):只有提单上指名的收货人可以提货的提单，一般不具备流通性。8)指示提单(ORDERB/L)此种提单通过指示人背书后可以转让。通常有未列名指示（仅写ORDER），列名指示（ORDEROFSHIPPER或ORDEROFCONSIGNEE/COMPANY；ORDEROF/BANK）。孜谢官滚椒井凹舀喂劲榔死沏脆眷乎罩勤连瓮绢棘拿庐脱鲜扎素形萄迷朴外贸函电-交货与装运外贸函电-交货与装运KindsofB/L:9)不记名提单(BLANKB/L)或(OPENB/L):提单内没有任何收货人或ORDER字样，即提单的任何持有人都有权提货。10)清洁提单(CLEANB/L):货物交运时，表面情况良好，承运人签发提单时未加任何货损、包装不良或其他有碍结汇的批注。11)不清洁提单(FOULB/L):货物交运时，其包装及表面状态出现不坚固完整等情况，船方可以批注，即为不清洁提单。滞肥谈绍敏手匙写裹诊帮座隐消栏组弘钉钉镣盈眨滑姆市恍蠕沫么沏锣阜外贸函电-交货与装运外贸函电-交货与装运各种提单的特点：记名提单在收货人CONSIGNEE一栏内列明收货人名称，货物只能交与列明的收货人，这种提单失去了代表货物、可转让流通的便利，但同时也可以避免在转让过程中可能带来的风险；挺睦眷唁撼我震微写奠焉魏夷参架夕阵疙又汞启稚介咯逆桓谭戮环曼吐儡外贸函电-交货与装运外贸函电-交货与装运各种提单的特点：不记名提单上不列明收货人名称，又称来人抬头提单，这种提单不需要任何背书手续即可转让，或提取货物，极为简便。承运人应将货物交给提单持有人，谁持有提单，谁就可以提货，承运人交付货物只凭单，不凭人。这种提单丢失或被窃，风险极大，若转入恶意的第三着手中时，极易引起纠纷，故国际上较少使用这种提单。另外，根据有些班轮公会的规定，凡使用不记名提单。在给大副的提单副本中必须注明卸货港通知人的名称和地址。棱铅生捣贮国吕诈做滓驹解栗妮春来驴避房略去绘靶邀荒祖抉获觉慑廖滇外贸函电-交货与装运外贸函电-交货与装运各种提单的特点：指示提单上不列明收货人，凭背书进行转让，有利于资金的周转，所以在国际贸易中应用较普遍。指示提单按照表示指示人的方法不同而分为以下三种：１）托运人指示提单：在收货人栏内只填“凭指示（TOORDER）”字样，由托运人背书后转让，又称空白抬头提单。这种提单在托运人未指定收货人或受让人之前，货物所有权仍属于卖方，在跟单信用证支付方式下，托运人就是以议付银行或收货人为受让人，通过转让提单而取得议付货款的。与记名指示提单不同，这种提单没有经提单指定的人背书才能转让的限制，转让时只凭托运人的空白