Nounclause名词性从句Step1:RelatedConception(相关概念)1.名词:表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分?名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。TheboyisLiMing.主语表语Mr.Li,a24-year-oldboy,teachesusEnglish.主语同位语宾语在英语的句子结构中,本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语,由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从句。什么是名词性从句?名词性从句主语从句(TheSubjectClause)宾语从句(TheObjectClause)表语从句(ThePredicativeClause)同位语从句(TheAppositiveClause)主语从句:充当主语的句子叫主语从句。从属连词基本用法一、that引导主语从句1.that引导主语从句,起连接作用,不充当成分。2.主语从句置于句首时,不能省略连接词。Thathelikesbooksofthiskindisveryinteresting.他喜欢这种书,这件事非常有趣。3.当谓语动词是seem,appear,beapity.beawonder,belikely等时,使用形式主语It,而将真正的主语放在句尾,这时从属连词that可省略。•Itappearedtoscientistsonearth(that)thestarshadmoved.在地球上的科学家看来,这些星体已经移动了。•It’sawonderyourecognizedme.你能认出我来,真是奇怪。在Itisknown…,Itissaid…,Itishoped…,Itisbelieved…,等这些惯用的被动结构中。ItisreportedthatAmericanPresidentObamawillpayavisittoChinanextmonth.他喜欢这种书,这件事非常有趣。Helikesbooksofthiskind.It’sveryinteresting.=Thathelikesbooksofthiskindisveryinteresting.=It’sveryinteresting(that)helikesbooksofthiskind.1、表不确定的主语从句位于句首的时候则必须用whether,不能用if.二、Whether/if引导主语从句•Whetherwe’llgotocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.明天我们是否去野营取决于天气情况。Itisdoubtfulwhetherhehasreceivedyourletter.=Itisdoubtfulifhehasreceivedyourletter2、如果用It作形式主语时,whether和If都可以引导主语从句。3、whether和If不充当句子成分,含有“是否”的意思时可以加上ornot,但经常用whether.what引导主语从句连接代词基本用法Heoftenholdsadictionaryinhishand.What1、what引导主语从句,在从句中充当主语、宾语。heoftenholdsinhishandisadictionary.(1)、Theboysaidthathemissedhismotherverymuch.whattheboysaidwasthathemissedhismotherverymuch.(2)、Hewantstoseehismother’ssmile.Whathewantstoseeishismother’ssmile.2、who,whatever,whoever,whose,whom可引导主语从句,在从句中充当成分。Whateverwassaidheremustbekeptsecret.whowasresponsiblefortheaccidentisnotyetclear.Whoevermakesmistakesmustcorrectthem.(无论什么,主语)(无论谁,主语)谁,主语连接副词基本用法Wherehecamefromstillpuzzlesallofus.Whentheplaneistotakeoffhasnotbeenannounced.Howthishappenedisnotcleartoanyone.Where/when/how/why也可引导主语从句,在从句中充当状语。主语从句要采用陈述句的语序。•一个主语从句作主语,谓语动词一般用单数,但也不一定,要根据句子的意义而定。WhatIneedismoney.WhatIneedarebooks.注意:•如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用复数;•由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句,谓语动词用单数。•Whentheywillstartandwheretheygohavenotbeendecidedyet.•Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecided.主谓一致Whatyousaidabouthimmakeshimsad.Thatyoudon’tlikehimmakeshimsad.难点1:that与what的区别Whattheteachersaidhadagoodeffectonthechildren.Itwastrue(that)Alicedidsurprisedhermother.1、都起引导作用,放在句首都不可以省略2、that不充当成分;what在从句中充当成分3、that无词义;what表示“···的东西/事情/话”1、___hehasbecomearichmanisknowntoallinourtown.A.BecauseB.ThatC./D.What2、____wecan’tgetseemsbetterthan____wehave.(NMET1996)A.What;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.That;what[解析]名词性从句whatwecan’tget和whatwehave中what都充当宾语,都属于关系代词型的what,本身不表示疑问而表示泛指相关的事物。“whatwecan’tget”相当于包含定语从句的“thingsthatwecan’tget”;“whatwehave”相当于包含定语从句的“thingsthatwehave”。难点2:wh-词和wh-ever的区别Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished.=Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.=Anythingthatyoudidisright.Whatcausedtheaccidentwhichhappenedyesterdayremainsunknown.无论谁谁什么无论什么Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.Whateveryoudidisright.wh-ever往往含有强调作用,意思是“无论---”“nomatter+疑问词”或“疑问词-ever”的含义为“……都……;不管……都……”它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换。例如:Nomatterwhathappened,hewouldnotmind.=Whateverhappened,hewouldnotmind.无论发生了什么,他都不会介意的。Nomatterwhoyouare,youmustkeepthelaw.=Whoeveryouare,youmustkeepthelaw.不管你是谁,你都要遵纪守法。让步状语从句“nomatter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句,而“疑问词-ever”还可以引导名词性从句。1、Youmaygivethefilmticketto_______youthinkneedsit.A.nomatterwhoB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwhom2、---______helpsotherswillbehelped.---SoI’llbethankfultoandtrytohelp______hashelpedus.A.Whoever;whomeverB.Whoever;whoeverC.Who;whoeverD.Who;whomever这里缺少主语,youthink是插入语。有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。Itisapitythatyoudon’tlikehim.主语从句的特殊用法•Itisapitythathewasillatthatmoment.•Itisobviousthatheiswrong.•ItissaidthatTomwillcomebacktomorrow.Ithappenedthathemethisteacherinthestreet.1)It+be+n.(apity···)+that2)It+be+adj.(obvious/possible·)+that3)It+be+p.p.(said/reported)+that4)It+vi.(happens)+that常见结构:难点3:It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较•Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.•Itdoesn’tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.ItisJohnthatbrokethewindow.主语从句主语从句强调句去掉强调句型、各个成分各归其位以后,该句子是否还成立。【改错练习】下列各句均有一处错误,请改正并分析错误的原因。1.Lighttravelsfasterthansoundiscommonknowledge.2.Ifshe’scomingornotdoesn’tmattermuch.Thatthat虽无词义但引导主语从句位于句首时不能省略。Whetherif,whether都可表示“是否”,但if不能引导位于主句之前的主语从句,它可以引导位于主句之后带有形式主语it的主语从句。3.Thattheprofessorsaidisofgreatimportance.4.Wherewillthetreesbeplantedhasnotbeendecided.Whatthat引导主语从句时无词义。Whattheprofessorsaid表示“教授所说的”。将will置于trees之后。主语从句要用陈述句语序。5.Nomatterwhobreakstherulewillbepunished.6.Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeheldstillremainaquestion.引导让步状语从句时二者可互换,但引导名词性从句时只能用whoever。Whoever主语从句表示单一概念时,谓语要用单数形式。remains7.Whatwereyourproblemsayearagohasnowbecomemine.8.Itwasrequestedthateveryonemadeaspeechatthemeeting.has要改为have。主语从句表示复数概念时,谓语要用复数形式。have在“Itisrequested/ordered/suggested+that从句”中,从句要用虚拟语气,即谓语用“should+动词原形”,should可省略。(should)makeSummary12.that与what都可引导主语从句。在从句中what除起连接作用外,还充当成分,然而that不充当任何成分只起连接作用,但不可以省略。3.wh-和wh-ever词的区别在于语义理解,wh-ever往往含有强调作用,意思是“无论---”1、主语从句置于句首时,必须由连接词引导,不能省略连接词that.4.Whether可引导主语从句放在句首,但if不可以。5.为避免“头重脚轻”,平衡句子,常用it做形式主语