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61.Ofcourse,itwouldbeasdangeroustooverreacttohistorybyconcludingthatthemajoritymustnowbewrongaboutexpansionasitwouldbetore-enacttheresponsethatgreetedthesuggestionthatthecontinentshaddrifted.62.Whilethefactofthisconsumerrevolutionishardlyindoubt,threekeyquestionsremain:whoweretheconsumers?Whatweretheirmotives?Andwhatweretheeffectofthenewdemandforluxuries?63.Althoughithasbeenpossibletoinferfromthegoodsandservicesactuallyproducedwhatmanufacturersandservicingtradesthoughttheircustomerswanted,onlyastudyofrelevantpersonaldocumentswrittenbyactualconsumerswillprovideaprecisepictureofwhowantedwhat.64.Withrespecttotheirreasonsforimmigrating,Grassydoesnotdenytheirfrequentlynotedfactthatsomeoftheimmigrantsofthe1630’s,mostnotablytheorganizersandclergy,advancedreligiousexplanationsfordeparture,buthefindsthatsuchexplanationsusuallyassumedprimacyonlyinretrospect.65.Ifwetaketheage-andsex-specificunemploymentratesthatexistedin1956(whentheoverallunemploymentratewas4.1percent)andweightthembytheage-andsex-specificsharesofthelaborforcethatprevailcurrently,theoverallunemploymentratebecomes5percent.66.HewaspuzzledthatIdidnotwantwhatwasobviouslya“stepup”towardwhatallAmericansaretaughttowantwhentheygrowup:moneyandpower.67.Unlessproductivitygrowthisunexpectedlylarge,however,theexpansionofrealoutputmusteventuallybegintoslowdowntotheeconomy’slargerrungrowthpotentialifgeneralizeddemandpressuresonpricesaretobeavoided.68.However,wheninvestmentflowsprimarilyinonedirection,asitgenerallydoesfromindustrialtodevelopingcountries,theseeminglyreciprocalsource-basedrestrictionsproducerevenuesacrificesprimarilybythestatereceivingmostoftheforeigninvestmentandproducingmostoftheincome—namely,thedevelopingcountrypartner.69.ThepursuitofprivateinterestswithaslittleinterferenceaspossiblefromgovernmentwasseenastheroadtohumanhappinessandprogressratherthanthepublicobligationandinvolvementinthecollectivecommunitythatemphasizedbytheGreeks.70.Thedefenselawyerreliedonlong-standingprinciplesgoverningtheconductofprosecutingattorneys:asquasi-judicialofficersofthecourttheyareunderadutynottoprejudiceaparty’scasethroughoverzealousprosecutionortodetractfromtheimpartialityofcourtroomatmosphere.71.Noprudentpersondaredtoactontheassumptionthat,whenthecontinentwassettled,onegovernmentcouldincludethewhole;andwhenthevastexpensebrokeup,asseemedinevitable,intoacollectionofseparatenations,onlydiscord,antagonism,andwarscouldbeexpected.72.Iftheywererightinthinkingthatthenextnecessityinhumanprogresswastolifttheaveragepersonuponanintellectualandsociallevelwiththemostfavored,theystoodatleastthreegenerationsnearerthanEuropetothatgoal.73.Somehowheknowsthatifourhucksteringcivilizationdidnotateverymomentviolatetheeternalfitnessofthings,thepoet’ssongwouldhavebeengiventotheworld,andthepoetwouldhavebeencaredforbythewholehumanbrotherhood,asanymanshouldbewhodoesthedutythateverymanowesit.74.Theinstinctivesenseofthedishonorwhichmoney-purchasedoestoartissostrongthatsometimesamanofletterswhocanpayhiswayotherwiserefusespayforhiswork,asLordByrondid,forawhile,fromanoblepride,andasCountTolstoyhastriedtodo,fromanobleconscience.75.PerhapshebelievedthathecouldnotcriticizeAmericanforeignpolicywithoutendangeringthesupportforcivilrightsthathehadwonfromthefederalgovernment.76.AbrahamLincoln,whopresidedinhisstonetempleonAugust28,1963abovethechildrenoftheslavesheemancipated(解放),mayhaveusedjusttherightwordstosumupthegeneralreactiontotheNegroes’massivemarchonWashington.77.IntheWarrenCourtera,votersaskedtheCourttopassonissuesconcerningthesizeandshapeofelectoraldistricts,partlyoutofdesperationbecausenootherbranchofgovernmentofferedrelief,andpartlyoutofhopethattheCourtwouldreexamineolddecisionsinthisareaasithadinothers,lookingatbasicconstitutionalprinciplesinthelightofmodernlivingconditions.78.Someevenargueplausiblythatthisweaknessmaybeirremediable:inanysocietythat,likeacapitalistsociety,seekstobecomeeverwealthierinmaterialtermsdisproportionaterewardsareboundtoflowtothepeoplewhoareinstrumentalinproducingtheincreaseinitswealth.79.ThisdoctrinehasbroadenedtheapplicationoftheFourteenthAmendmenttoother,nonracialformsofdiscrimination,forwhilesomejusticeshaverefusedtofindanylegislativeclassificationotherthanracetobeconstitutionallydisfavored,mosthavebeenreceptivetoargumentsthatatleastsomenonracialdiscriminations,sexualdiscriminationinparticular,are“suspect”anddeservethisheightenedscrutinybythecourts.80.Butascamerasbecomemoresophisticated,moreautomated,somephotographersaretemptedtodisarmthemselvesortosuggestthattheyarenotreallyarmed,preferringtosubmitthemselvestothelimitsimposedbypremoderncameratechnologybecauseacruder,lesshigh-poweredmachineisthoughttogivemoreinterestingoremotiveresults,tohavemoreroomforcreativeaccident.第四部分（61-80句译文）61、当然，对历史反应过度以致结论说关于扩张的问题大多数人都错了与重新形成对大陆漂浮建议理论的反应一样，是危险的。将来对于这些关键问题的研究毫无疑问是必要的，然而不应该否定最近研究结论的说服力，在18世纪的英格兰对于一些微不足道和有使用价值的商品和服务的需求，预示了我们今天的世界。62、然而这种消费革命的情况还有疑问，三个关键的问题是：消费者是什么人？他们的动机是什么？对于奢侈品的新型需求的效果是什么？63、尽管从生产厂商和服务行业认为他们的顾客需要并实际生产的产品或者提供的服务来推断他是可能的。但只有对实际的消费者填写的个人资料的研究才能清楚地描述顾客的需求。64、对于他们