GPS高程测量及高程拟合研究论文

毕业论文毕业论文题目GPS高程测量及高程拟合研究学院专业班级学生姓名性别指导教师职称2012年6月15日I摘要论文首先叙述了GPS的产生及其在社会领域中的重要地位，本文研究的目的和意义，提高GPS定位精度和高程拟合精度以至得到高精度的GPS水准高程，真正的实现GPS的三维优越性，以及GPS高程拟合国内外研究现状。然后介绍了GPS高程测量相关的一些问题，包括大地水准面与正高、似大地水准面与正常高、参考椭球面与大地高的概念，GPS高程测量的原理，影响GPS高程测量精度的因素和GPS高程的精度评定指标，以及研究了应用中经常用到的高程拟合方法，等值线图示法、多项式曲线拟合法、三次样条曲线拟合法、多项式曲面拟合法、多面函数曲面拟合法、地球重力场模型拟合法等。最后用多项式曲面拟合法的两种数学模型对辽宁核电站的部分GPS数据进行了拟合，并对其拟合结果进行了分析与比较得出了如下结论：首先高程异常具有地区性，因此高程拟合模型应根据研究区域的特征来选择；其次采用同样的拟合方法，起算点数量越多，分布越均匀，分布于网中的位置越合理，则拟合精度越高；最后在应用高程拟合时，也可以通过提高GPS观测精度和水准测量精度来提高GPS拟合精度。关键词：GPS高程；高程精度；高程拟合IIAbstractItfirstlydescribestheGPSintheriseandimportantinthefieldsofsocialstatus,ThepurposeoftheresearchandmeaningimproveGPSlocationaccuracyandelevationfittingprecisionandgethighprecisionGPSlevelelevation,therealrealizationof3dGPSadvantagesandGPSelevationfittingresearchsituation.AndthenintroducedGPSlevelingofrelevanttosomeproblemsincludethegeodeticheight,geoidandorthometricheight,quasigeoidandnormalhighconcept,GPSheightmeasurementofprinciple,affecttheaccuracyoftheGPSlevelingfactorsandtheaccuracyofGPSelevationevaluationindex,andoftenusedintheapplicationofelevationfittingmethods:Isolinethelaw,Polynomialcurveislegal,Threesplinecurveislegal,Polynomialsurfaceislegal,Moresurfacefunctionsurfacefittinglegal,Theearth'sgravityfieldmodelislegalandsoon.FinallywithpolynomialsurfaceislegalLiaoningnuclearpowerstationplantonthepartofdatafitting,andthefittingresultsareanalyzedandcompareddrawsomeconclusionsareasfollows:Firsttheabnormalheighthasregional,sotheelevationofthefittingmodelshouldbeselectedaccordingtotheregionalfeaturestochoose;thenusedthesamefittingmethod,thestartingpoint,thegreaterthenumberstartingpointtheuniformdistribution,distributedinthepositionofthenetmorereasonable,thefittingprecisionishigher;finallyinapplicationtoelevationdid,alsocanimproveGPSobservationbyprecisionandlevelmeasurementaccuracytoimproveGPSfittingprecision.Keywords：GPSheight；Heightprecision；HeightfittingIII目录第一章绪论.....................................................................................................................11.1概述............................................................................................................................11.2GPS高程拟合研究的目的和意义...........................................................................21.3GPS高程拟合国内外研究现状...............................................................................21.4本文研究的主要内容................................................................................................4第二章GPS高程测量....................................................................................................62.1高程系统及其相互关系............................................................................................62.1.1大地水准面与正高.................................................................................................62.1.2似大地水准面与正常高.........................................................................................82.1.3参考椭球面与大地高.............................................................................................92.1.4高程基准面.............................................................................................................92.1.5水准原点...............................................................................................................102.2GPS高程测量原理..................................................................................................112.3GPS高程精度..........................................................................................................112.3.1GPS定位中的误差源..........................................................................................122.3.2消除或减弱GPS定位误差的方法.....................................................................132.3.3GPS测量精度标准及分类..................................................................................142.3.4GPS高程精度评定..............................................................................................152.3.5提高GPS高程精度的措施.................................................................................16第三章GPS高程拟合方法............................................................................................183.1等值线图示法..........................................................................................................183.2狭长带状区域线性拟合..........................................................................................183.2.1多项式曲线拟合法...............................................................................................193.2.2三次样条曲线拟合法...........................................................................................203.3曲面拟合法..............................................................................................................213.3.1多项式曲面拟合法...............................................................................................213.3.2移动曲面拟合法...................................................................................................243.3.3多面函数曲面拟合法...........................................................................................25IV3.4