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《翻译理论与实践(1)》试卷第1页共5页I．Questions：(5×4,20%)Foreachofthefollowingquestions,giveabriefanswer.1.Ofthetwolanguages,EnglishandChinese,whichhasmoreinflectionsthantheother?Whatcanbethestrategiesintranslation?2.WhichisthedifferencebetweenparatacticChineseandhypotacticEnglish?Whatisanecessarystrategyintranslation?3.Inwhichlanguageistheorderofthelinguisticelementsrelativelyflexible,ChineseorEnglish?Whatcanbethecorrespondingtranslationstrategies?4.Englishsentenceoftenhasitsfocusinthehead,whataboutChinese?Howcansuchsentencesbebesttranslated?II.English-ChineseSentenceTranslation：(5×5,25%)TranslatetheunderlinedpartsinthefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese.(1)Arecentphenomenoninthechoiceofcareersonthepartofcollegegraduatesistheincreasingtrendtowardsbigcompanies.Fewareinterestedinresearchfields.Thisisanunavoidableprobleminamaterialisticsociety.(2)Temptingsalariesandfringebenefitsareofferedbybigcompaniestocompetewitheachothertorecruitstudentsbeforetheyhavecompletedtheirstudies.得分评卷人《翻译理论与实践(1)》试卷第2页共5页Ontheotherhand,(3)manybigenterprisesandevengovernmentstendtoconcentrateonimmediateeconomicresultsandshowcomparativelylittleinterestinlongrangeresearch.(4)Therefore,thereisasteadyshiftofscientistsandresearchersfromthepureresearchtotheappliedfieldwheretherearemorejobsavailablewithbettersalaries.Allthishasnotonlyseriouslyinfluencedyoungpeople’sviewonthechoiceofcareersbutoneducationaswell.(5)Manycollegeteachersdeplorethatfewerandfewerstudentsthesedaysacquireknowledgeonlyforitsownsake.III．Translationanalysis:(5×5,25%)Explainbrieflywhichofthetwotranslationsisabetterchoice.1.Thesignificanceoftheseincidentswasn’tlostonus.A．这些事件引起了我们的重视。B．这些事件不是对我们不起作用。2.Thatservedtostrengtheninsteadofweakenourdetermination.A.那件事增强了而不是削弱了我们的决心。B.那件事没有削弱我们的决心，反而增强了我们的决心。3.Theevidenceisconclusive,excludingallpossibilitiesofdoubt.A.证据确凿，毋庸置疑。B.证据是明显的，排除所有疑问。4.Tenminuteslater,thehallwasfilledwithchatting,groaning,andangrycontempt.A.十分钟后，整个大厅充满了闲谈、抱怨和由于受到蔑视而感到极为愤怒之声。B．十分钟后，大厅里人声鼎沸，人们闲聊着，埋怨着，既感到气愤又表示蔑视。5.Helovedthewayshelooked,hermouthtwitchingbetweenlaughteranddisbelief.A.他喜欢她看人时的那副神情，小嘴飞快地一撇，一副似笑非笑、将信将疑的样子。B.他喜欢她看人时的那副神情，嘴巴在哈哈大笑和怀疑之间抽动了一下。得分评卷人《翻译理论与实践(1)》试卷第3页共5页IV.English-ChineseParagraphTranslation：(15%）TranslatethefollowingEnglishintoChinese.Inanovercrowdedcountry,veryfewpeopleownenoughtomakethemfinanciallyindependent;veryfewpeopleareinapositiontoaccumulatepurchasingpower.Moreover,inanycountrywherepopulationpressesharduponnaturalresources,thegeneraleconomicsituationisapttobesoprecariousthatgovernmentcontrolofcapitalandlabor,productionandconsumptionbecomesinevitable.Itresultsthatdemocraticidealswillnotworkinconditionsofpovertyandextremesocialunrest.V.Chinese-EnglishParagraphTranslation:(15%）TranslatethefollowingChineseintoEnglish.今天的发展不能以牺牲将来为代价。应当看到中国过去二十年的经济迅速发展带来很大的代价。我们喝的水被污染了，我们呼吸的空气被污染了。森林越来越少了。这个代价还不只是环境上的。代价还有社会风气的变坏。I.Questions:(5×4,20%)1.Englishhasmoreinflections.ToomitinflectionswhendoingE-Ctranslation.2.ParatacticChineseismeaning-focusedwithemphasisonimplicitcoherence,得分评卷人得分评卷人《翻译理论与实践(1)》试卷第4页共5页whilehypotacticEnglishisForm-focusedwithemphasisonexplicitcohesion.ToaddproperconnectiveswhendoingC-Etranslation.3.TheorderofthelinguisticelementsisrelativelyflexibleinEnglish.TochangetherelativelyflexibleorderintomorefixedonewhendoingE-Ctranslation.4.Chineseoftenhaveend-focusedstructureinsentence.UsuallyputthefocusintheendwhendoingE-Ctranslation.评分参考标准：(每题由两部分构成。第一部分3分；第二部分2分。）II．English-ChineseSentenceTranslation：(5×5,25%)1.最近在高校毕业生择业问题上出现一种倾向，这就是毕业生越来越青睐在公司。2.学生还没有走出校门，大公司便在竞相聘用他们，向他们提供具有诱惑力的薪水和福利待遇。3.许多大企业，甚至包括一些政府部门往往看重直接经济效益，而相对来说对长期的理论研究不感兴趣。4.因此科研人员不断从纯理论研究领域流向实用工业，因为在那里，工作要比研究领域好找，且工资高。5.许多教师感叹，现在纯为了学知识而学习的人越来越少了。III．TranslationAnalysis：(5×5,25%)1.A，(正反说）2.B，（正反说，以强调。）3.A，（四字成语，更符合汉语优势）4.B，（词类转换，更符合汉语表达习惯）5.A，（拆分断句，符合汉语特点）评分参考标准：(每题由两部分构成。第一部分2分；第二部分3分，酌情给分）《翻译理论与实践(1)》试卷第5页共5页IV.English-ChineseParagraphTranslation：（15%）在人口过度拥挤的国家，很少人拥有能够在经济上保持独立的财产，很少人的购买力能够不断增长。而且，在任何国家，如果人口给自然资源带来巨大压力，那么，普遍的经济状况就会趋于不稳定，政府对资本、劳动力、生产和消费的控制就不可避免。其结果是在贫困和极度社会动荡条件下，民主理念不起作用。V.Chinese-EnglishParagraphTranslation:（15%）Today’sprogressshouldnotcomeattomorrow’sexpense.ItshouldberecognizedthatChina’sremarkableeconomicgrowthinthelasttwodecadeshascomewithahugecost:thewaterwedrinkandtheairwebreathearepollutedandtheforestisdiminishing.Thecostisnotonlyenvironmental,itisalsomoreseriousintermsofthedeclineinpublicmorals.