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Unit1Festivalsandcelebrations节日和庆典Festivalsandcelebrationsofallkindshavebeenheldeverywheresinceancienttimes.自古以来，世界各地就有各种各样的节日和庆典。Festivalsandcelebrationsofallkindshavebeenheldeverywheresinceancienttimes++Mostancientfestivalswouldcelebratetheendofcoldweather,plantinginspringandharvestinautumn.最古老的节日总是庆祝严寒的结束、春季的种植和秋天的收割。Mostancientfestivalswouldcelebratetheendofcoldweather,plantinginspringandharvestinautumnSometimescelebrationwouldbeheldafterhuntershadcaughtanimals.有时，在猎人捕获猎物后，也举行庆祝活动。SometimescelebrationwouldbeheldhuntershadcaughtanimalsafterAtthattimepeoplewouldstarveiffoodwasdifficulttofind,especiallyduringthecoldwintermonths.在那个时代，如果食物难以找到，特别是在寒冷的冬月，人们会挨饿。Atthattimepeoplewouldstarvefoodwasdifficulttofindif,especiallyduringthecoldwintermonths?Tofindfoodwasdifficult=itwasdifficulttofindfood.=foodwasdifficulttofind.食物难以找到Today’sfestivalshavemanyorigins,somereligious,someseasonal,andsomeforspecialpeopleorevents.现在的节日有很多由来，一些是宗教上的，一些是季节性的，一些是纪念特殊的人和事件的。Today’sfestivalshavemanyorigins,Some(originsare)religious,some(originsare)seasonal,andsome(originsare)forspecialpeopleorevents.FestivalsoftheDead亡灵节Somefestivalsareheldtohonourthedeadortosatisfytheancestors,whomightreturneithertohelportodoharm.有些节日,是为了纪念死者,或使祖先得到满足，因为祖先们有可能回到世上(给人们)提供帮助，也有可能带来危害。Somefestivalsareheldtohonourthedeadortosatisfytheancestorswhomightreturneithertohelportodoharm(Thedeadandtheancestors)FortheJapanesefestivalObon,peopleshouldgotocleangravesandlightincenseinmemoryoftheirancestors.在日本的盂兰盆节，人们要扫墓、烧香，以缅怀祖先。FortheJapanesefestivalObon,peopleshouldgotocleangravesandlightincenseinmemoryoftheirancestors.Theyalsolightlampsandplaymusicbecausetheythinkthatthiswillleadtheancestorsbacktoearth.他们还点起灯笼，奏响乐曲，因为他们认为这样做可以把祖先引回到世上。TheyalsolightlampsandplaymusicbecausetheythinkthatthiswillleadtheancestorsbacktoearthInMexico,peoplecelebratetheDayoftheDeadinearlyNovember.在墨西哥，亡灵节是在11月初。Onthisimportantfeastday,peopleeatfoodintheshapeofskullsandcakeswith“bones”onthem.在这个重要的节日里，人们会吃制成颅骨形状的食物，和装点有“骨头”的蛋糕。Onthisimportantfeastday,peopleeatfoodintheshapeofskullsandcakeswith“bones”onthemTheyofferfood,flowersandgiftstothedead.他们向亡者祭献食物、鲜花和礼品。Theyofferfood,flowersandgiftstothedeadTheWesternholidayHalloweenalsohaditsorigininoldbeliefsaboutthereturnofthespiritsofdeadpeople.西方节日万圣节也源自人们古老的信念，认为亡者的灵魂会返回人间。TheWesternholidayHalloweenalsohaditsorigininoldbeliefsaboutthereturnofthespiritsofdeadpeopleItisnowachildren’sfestival,whentheycandressupandgototheirneighbours’homestoaskforsweets.万圣节如今成了孩子们的节日，这天他们可以乔装打扮上到邻居家要糖吃。Itisnowachildren’sfestivalwhentheycandressupandgototheirneighbours’homestoaskforsweets(In/duringachildren’sfestival)Iftheneighboursdonotgiveanysweets,thechildrenmightplayatrickonthem.如果邻居什么糖也不给，那么孩子们就可以捉弄他们了。thechildrenmightplayatrickonthemiftheneighboursdonotgiveanysweets.FestivalstoHonourPeople纪念名人的节日Festivalscanalsobeheldtohonourfamouspeople.也有纪念名人的节日。FestivalscanalsobeheldtohonourfamouspeopleTheDragonBoatFestivalinChinahonoursthefamousancientpoet,QuYuan.中国的端午节(龙舟节)，是纪念著名古代诗人屈原的。TheDragonBoatFestivalinChinahonoursthefamousancientpoet,QuYuanIntheUSAColumbusDayisinmemoryofthearrivalofChristopherColumbusinNewWorld.美国的哥伦布日是纪念克里斯托弗·哥伦布发现“新大陆”的日子。IntheUSAColumbusDayisinmemoryofthearrivalofChristopherColumbusinNewWorldIndiahasanationalfestivalonOctober2tohonourMohandasGandhi,theleaderwhohelpedgainIndia’sindependencefromBritain.印度在10月2日有个全国性节日，纪念莫汉达斯·甘地，他是帮助印度脱离英国而独立的领袖。IndiahasanationalfestivalonOctober2tohonourMohandasGandhi，theleaderwhohelpedgainIndia’sindependencefromBritain(theleader/Gandhi)HarvestFestivals丰收的节日HarvestandThanksgivingfestivalscanbeveryhappyevents.收获(丰收)与感恩节是非常喜庆的节日。Peoplearegratefulbecausetheirfoodisgatheredforthewinterandtheagriculturalworkisover.越冬的粮食收集起来了，农活结束了，人们都心怀感激。PeoplearegratefulbecausetheirfoodisgatheredforthewinterandtheagriculturalworkisoverInEuropeancountries,peoplewillusuallydecoratechurchesandtownhallswithflowersandfruit,andwillgettogethertohavemeals.在欧洲国家，人们通常用花果来装饰教堂和市政厅，在一起聚餐。peoplewillusuallydecoratechurchesandtownhallswithflowersandfruitandwillgettogethertohavemealsSomepeoplemightwinawardsfortheirfarmproduce,likethebiggestwatermelonorthemosthandsomerooster.有些人还可能因为他们的农产品(参加各种评选)而获奖，比如最大的西瓜或最帅的公鸡。SomepeoplemightwinawardsfortheirfarmproducelikethebiggestwatermelonorthemosthandsomeroosterChinaandJapanhavemid-autumnfestivals,whenpeopleadmirethemoonandinChina,enjoymooncakes.中国和日本都有中秋节,这时，人们会赏月,在中国,人们还品尝月饼。ChinaandJapanhavemid-autumnfestivalswhenpeopleadmirethemoonandinChina,enjoymooncakesIn/atmid-autumnfestivalsSpringFestivals春天的节日Themostenergeticandimportantfestivalsaretheonesthatlookforwardtotheendofwinterandtothecomingofspring.最富生气而又最重要的节日，就是告别冬天、迎来春天的日子。ThemostenergeticandimportantfestivalsaretheonesthatlookforwardtotheendofwinterandtothecomingofspringtheonesAttheSpringFestivalinChina,peopleeatdumplings,fishandmeatandmaygivechildrenluckymoneyinredpaper.中国人过春节要吃饺子、鱼和肉,还要给孩子们送红纸包着的压岁钱。AttheSpringFestivalinChinapeopleeatdumplings,fishandmeatandmaygivechildrenluckymoneyinredpaperTherearedragondancesandcarnivals,andfamiliescelebrat