车用替代燃料生命周期评价的比较研究

©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(2006)0220062204,,(,100044):(LifeCycleAssessment,LCA),,,,LCA.,,,LCA,,.:;;:U473.9ComparativeStudyonLifeCycleAssessmentforAlternativeVehicleFuelsWEIZhen2lin,SHENJin2sheng,HUANGAi2ling(SchoolofTrafficandTransportation,BeijingJiaotongUniversity,Beijing100044,China)Abstract:ThemethodofLifeCycleAssessment(LCA)ofvehicleenergyismoresystematicandcomprehensivethanEnvironmentalImpactAssessment(EIA)thatisgenerallyonlyappliedinthephaseofenergyconsumption,butincomparisonofvehiclealternativefuel,becauseoftheparticularityofoperatingenvironmentofvehicles,whichwillleadtogreatdifferenceofenvironmentaldamagebythesamequantityofpollutantindifferentphases,thetraditionalLCAcantassesstheenvironmentaleffectsofdifferentvehiclealternativefuelsexactly.Therefore,basedonsummarizingLCAofvehiclefuel,thispaperputsforwardweightcoefficientsindifferentphasescalculatedintermsofthemarginalenvironmentaldamagecost,andimprovesthemethodofLCAofvehiclefuel,tomakeitadaptedtoapplingincomparativeanalysisbetweendifferentenvironmentalimpactsofdifferentvehiclealternativefuels.Finally,ademonstrativeanalysisiscarriedoutbetweenfuelcellvehicleandgasolinevehicle.Keywords:LCA;vehiclealternativefuel;marginalenvironmentalcostCLCnumber:U473.9:2005212230:(2003BA408B21B).(1972-),,,,,.Email:[e-mail]0,,.,,.1999,,.,©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[1].LCA,,.,,,LCA,.,(),,,,LCA.1LCA1.1LCA(UNEP)LCA:LCA,,[2].1.2LCALCA:(1),.(2),.(3),,,.1.3,,,.,,.20,(FromWelltoWheel,WTW).WTW:,();,()[3][4].GREET.WTW1.1WTW,,[5][6].F=(fi)i1=6nj=1(eij)mn(1)eijj,i;F;fii;i=1,2,,m,;j=1,2,,n,.362©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(ij),.:ij=cij/Max(ci1,ci2,,cin)(2)ijij;cijij.2.2.2(2),(1)F=(fi)i1=6nj=1(ijeij)mn(3)3,.3.11,5.89,2.47().1[7]:g/kmCO2124319461400VOC0.00830.03450.12870.00270.00430CO0.02430.02513.42880.01510.02100NOx0.06550.08920.17090.03110.08860PM100.00190.00710.02050.00080.00590.0131SOx0.02220.07640.04310.00430.142403.2[8],(ij)(ij)63=0.20.210.20.210.20.210.20.210.20.210.20.21(4):,ij,.3.33.3.1(1)2.3.3.21ij(3),3.4LCA,LCA4620064©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(2),,,SOx,,SOx;,SOx,(3).2:g/kmCO2VOCCONOxPM10SOx2490.17153.47820.32560.02950.14171460.0070.03610.11970.01980.1467341.37%95.92%98.96%63.24%32.88%-3.53%3(-)/100%3:g/kmCO2VOCCONOxPM10SOx2050.137263.438680.201840.02230.0628229.20.00140.007220.023940.014440.02934385.76%98.98%99.79%88.14%35.25%53.30%,,,.,LCA,,.[1]BeritS.Ahmad.Aliteraturereviewoflifecycleassessmenttechnicalreport[D].Cambridge:DepartmentofChemicalEngineering,MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,1993.[2],,.(LCA)[J].,2000,12:24-26.[3]HeatherL.MacLean,LesterB.Lave.Evaluatingautomobilefuel/propulsionsystemtechnologies[J].ProgressinEnergyandCombustionScience,2003,29(1):1-69.[4]WangMichael.Fuelchoicesforfuel2cellvehicleswell2to2wheelsenergyandemissionimpacts[J].JournalofPowerSources,2002.10.24,112(1):307-321.[5],.[J].,2003,11:27-29.[6][6],,.[J].,2003,4:69-71.[7],.[J].(),2003,12:1472-1476.[8].[D].:,2001.562