初中句子成分分析及练习题

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正确效率整洁组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。它包括:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。各成分在句中的作用如何?分别由哪些词及短语充当?1.主语:是句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体,一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。如:Thecarisrunningfast.(名词)Wearestudents.(代词)OneofmyclassmatesisfromShanghai.(数词)It'sbadmannerstospitinpublic.(不定式)Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.(动名词)若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。2.谓语:说明主语的动作或状态,也是句子的主体部分,一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语,连系动词与表语一起构成谓语,情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语,助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如:Heworksinafactory.(实义动词)Ifeltcold.(系动词+表语)HowcanIgettothestation?(情态动词+实义动词)DoyouspeakEnglish?(助动词+实义动词)Theyareworkinginafield.(助动词+实义动词)【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。3.宾语:是及物动词所涉及的对象,一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。如:Heisdoinghishomework.(名词)Theydidnothingthismorning.(代词)Shewantstogohome.(不定式)Weenjoyplayingfootball.(动名词)【注意】①有的动词可接双宾语,间接宾语指人,直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有:give,buy,lend,pass,tell,leave等。如:Heboughtmeabook.Passmetheball,willyou?(间宾+直宾)直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后,但若把直接宾语放在前面,则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或for等。如:HanChenlentsomemoneytoLiHai.(直宾+间宾)XiaoLiuboughtadictionaryforTom.(直宾+间宾)②有的动词常用不定式作宾语,而不能用动名词。这类动词有:want,wish,hope,promise,decide,agree,choose,care等。如:Ihopetoseeyouagain.③有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语,而不用不定式。这类动词有:enjoy,finish,mind,practise,miss,suggest,keep(on)等。如:Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow?④有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同。forgettodo表示“未发生的动作”,forgetdoing表示“已完成的动作”。如:Don'tforgettocomehereearliertomorrow.(还没来)Iforgotreturningthebooktohim.(书已还给他了)丽慧外语句子成分分析4.定语:用于修饰名词或代词,一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。如:Whatabeautifulkiteitis!(形容词)Sheisachemistryteacher.(名词)Therearetwostudentsintheclassroom.(数词)Wehavesomethingtodotomorrow.(不定式)Themaninblueismybrother.(介词短语)【注意】定语一般位于被修饰词之前,但若修饰不定代词或不定式等短语作定语,则放在后面。5.状语:用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前,短语或从句放在句首或句末。如:Thankyouverymuch.(副词)Igetupatfiveinthemorning.(介词短语)Heisstudyinghardsoastocatchupwithothers.(不定式短语)Wewerehavingbreakfastwhenthetelephonerang.(从句)【注意】enough作状语只能放在被修饰词之后。如:Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.6.表语:用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受,一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有:be,look,get,sound(听起来),feel,become,smell,turn,taste(尝起来)等。如:Theyareworkers.(名词)Twoandthreeisfive.(数词)Thestoryisveryinteresting.(形容词)Myjob(工作)isteachingEnglish.(动名词)Sheisathome.(介词短语)Ifeelterrible.(形容词)Thedishtastesdelicious.(形容词)7.宾语补足语:用于补充说明宾语的动作,一般位于宾语之后,宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有:tell,let,help,teach,ask,see,have,order,make等。“宾补”一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词等充当。如:Weelectedhimmonitor.(名词)IfounditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.(形容词)Thedoctortoldmetodomoreexercise.(不定式短语)Heisgoingtohavehishaircut.(过去分词)Theysawabirdflyinginthesky.(现在分词)8同位语:同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分,近乎于后置定语。如:Westudentsshouldstudyhard./(students是we的同位语,都是指同一批‘学生’)Weallarestudents./(all是we的同位语,都指同样的‘我们’)9分词独立结构:分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致!否则应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词独立结构。例:Studyinghard,youscorewillgoup.正确效率整洁答案:11.WealwaysworkhardatEnglish。——————————————主语状语谓语状语状语12.Hesaidhedidn'tcome.———————————————主句主语主句谓语从句主语从句谓语13.Theyloveeachother.——————————主谓语宾语14.Whatdidyoubye?————————宾助动词主谓15.Shewatchedherdaughterplayingthepiano.—————————————————————主谓宾宾语补足语16.Yourjobtodayistohelptheold.——————-——————————主定语系动词表语17.Speakingdoesn'tmeandoing.————————————主谓宾18.ByethetimeIgottothestation,thetrainhadleft.—————————————————————————时间状语从句主句主语主句谓语19.Thechildrenboughttheirparentsacarforthe25thanniversaryoftheirmarriage.———————————————————————————————主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语状语20.Ittakesmeanhourtogetthere.————————————————形式主语谓语宾语真正主语(三)①D②D③B④A⑤B⑥D⑦C⑧D⑨A⑩D(四)①D②B③D④C⑤B(五)①C②C③A④B⑤B⑥D(六)①C②C③C④C⑤D⑥B(七)①D②A③D④D⑤A⑥D⑦C⑧D(八)①us,间接宾语astory,直接宾语②me,间接宾语anewbike,直接宾语③us,间接宾语history,直接宾语④Tom,间接宾语it,直接宾语⑤me,间接宾语message,直接宾语1They(主语)areworking(系表结构做谓语)onthefarm(地点状语)now(时间状语).2.Seeing(动词ing做主语)is(谓语)believing(宾语)3.Allofus(主语)like(谓语)KobeBryant(宾语)verymuch(程度副词状语)4.She(主语)became(谓语)adoctor(宾语)in1998(时间状语)5.Thebook(主语)lyingonthefloor(补语)are(谓语)mine(宾语)6.Suddenly(状语)it(形式主语)begantorain(谓语)7.Tocatchthetrain,(目的状语)I(主语)gotup(谓语)earlyyesterday(时间状语)8.I(主语)alwaysfind(谓语)her(宾语)happy(状语)9.He(主语)wonders(谓语)ifI(条件句中的主语)stillstudy(条件句中的谓语)English(条件句中的宾语)整个条件句做主干的宾语10.Theletter(主语)whichIreceivedthedaybeforeyesterday(定语从句)was(谓语)afriendofmine(宾语)挑出下列句中的表语①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.ABCD②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?ABCD③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.ABCD④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.ABCD⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.ABCD挑出下列句中的定语①TheyuseMr.Mrs.withthefamilyname.ABCD②Whatisyourgivenname?ABCD③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.ABCD④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.ABCD⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.ABCD⑥Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!ABCD挑出下列句中的宾语补足语①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.ABCD②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.ABCD③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.ABCD④TheycallmeLilysometimes.ABCD⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.ABCD⑥DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?ABCD(七)挑出下列句中的状语①Therewasabigsmileonherface.ABCD②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.ABCD③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.ABCD划分句子成分练习题(1)1.Theyareworkingonthefarmnow.2.Seeingisbelieving.3.AllofuslikeKobeBryantverymuch4.Shebecameadoctorin19985.Thebookslyingontheflooraremine6.Suddenlyitbeginstorain7.Tocatchthetrain,Igotupearlyyesterday8.Ialwaysfindherhappy9.Hewon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