部分矿床学术语及英文解释

1部分矿床学术语及英文解释TermDefinitionBandedore（条带状矿石）anoreconsistingofalternatinglayersoforemineralsandganguematerialand/orhostrock.Densitytheratioofanobject'smasstoitsvolume.(measuredasgramspercentimetercubed:gcm3)Disseminatedore（浸染状矿石）anoreconsistingoffineoremineralparticlesthataredispersedthroughoutthehostrock.Enrichmenttheprocessesbywhichtherelativeamountofoneconstituentmineralorelementcontainedwithinarockisincreased.Epithermal（低温热液的）atermappliedtorelativelylow-T(e.g.100°C-200°C)hydrothermalprocesses.Mesothermal（中温热液的）atermappliedtointermediatetemperature(e.g.200°C-300°C)hydrothermalprocesses.Hypothermal（高温热液的）atermappliedtorelativelyhightemperature(e.g.300°C-500°C)hydrothermalprocesses.Fool'sGoldusuallyappliedtofine-grainedironpyriteandchalcopyrite.Gangue（脉石）partofamineraldepositfromwhichametalormetalsarenotextracted.Itisimportanttonotethatganguemineralsinonemineraldepositmaybeoremineralsinanother(e.g.pyrite,barite,fluorite).Themostcommonganguemineralsarequartz,calcite,fluorite,sideriteandcalciteGossan（铁帽）theleachedandoxidizednear-surfacepartofanoredeposit,usuallycomposedofironoxide/hydroxideandquartz.Gradethemetalcontentofanore.Hostrockthebodyofrocksurroundinganorebody.Limoniteacommontermusedforamixtureofamorphousironoxidesandhydroxides.Lode（矿脉）anoldtermforanoredepositconsistingoftheoreitselfalongwiththehostrock.Massameasureofabody'sresistancetoachangeinvelocity.(measuredinkilograms(kg)).Massiveore（块状矿石）anoreconsistingofmostlyoremineralswithverylittlegangueand/orhostrock.2TermDefinitionMetallogenicprovincesregionsinwhichaseriesofmineraldepositspossesscommoncharacteristics.Mineralanaturallyoccurring,inorganicsolidwithadefinitechemicalcompositionandaregularatomicstructure.Fromthisbasiscomesallofamineral'sphysicalproperties.Mineraldepositanynaturallyoccurringbodyofmineralswhichiswhollyorpartlyofeconomicvalue.Thevalueliesintheoremineralsandnotthebodyofmineralsasawhole.Mineralizationananomalousconcentrationofanelementofeconomicimportancewithinarockbody.Mineralizationmaybevisibletothenakedeye(asisnormallythecasewithbasemetalssuchascopper,leadandzinc)orinvisible(asisnormallythecasewithgold).Thetermmineralizationisageologicaloneandhasnoeconomicimplications.Orebodythepartsofamineraldepositwheretheoremineralsareconcentratedintoaneconomicallyextractablemass.Oremineralamineralfromwhichausefulmetal(ornon-metalsuchasfluorite)maybeextractedprofitably.Peacockoreapopulartermforbornite,thecopperironsulfidemineral.Pitchblendethemostcommonoreofuranium,whichisdominantlycomposedofthemineraluraninite.Primaryoreoremineralsformedfromeitherhotmagmasorfluids.Specificgravitythedensityofasubstancetothatofwater(weightdividedbylossofweightinwater).Tinstoneapopularnameforcassiterite,themainoreoftin.Veinatabularorsheet-likebodyofmineralsthathasintrudedintojointsorfissuresintherock.Wallrockthecountryrock(surroundingrock)ofaveinororebody.WeighttheforcewithwhichanobjectofcertainmassisattractedbygravitytotheEarthoranotherbody.(measuredinNewtons:N)Alteration（蚀变作用）:Achangeinthemineralogyofthecountryrockororeasaresultofachemicalreactionwithhydrothermalsolutions.Forexample,maficmineralssuchashornblendeorbiotitemayaltertochloriteandfeldsparsmayaltertoclay.Analterationzonedescribesrockswhichhavebeenalteredtoaspecificgroupofsecondaryoralterationminerals,usuallyaroundtheperimeterofamineraldeposit.3AppliedMineralogy:Applicationofmineralogicalinformation.AutomatedMineralogy:Agenerictermdescribingarangeofanalyticalsolutions,areasofcommercialenterprise,andagrowingfieldofscientificresearchandengineeringapplicationsinvolvinglargelyautomatedandquantitativeanalysisofminerals,rocksandman-madematerials.BaseMetals:Industrialnon-ferrousmetalssuchasnickel,copper,leadzinc,excludingpreciousmetals.Breccia:Angularfragmentsofrockproducedbymovementalongafaultorexplosiveigneousactivity.Thematerialwhichsurroundsthefragmentsandcementsthemtogetheriscalledmatrixandmightbeveinminerals,igneousmaterialorveryfinerockfragments.Chimney:Alsoreferredtoasapipe,thisisaverticallyoriented,cylindricalbody,oftenabreccia,ofveinorreplacementmineralization.Concentrator:Theplant,onornearaminesite,wherecomminution,sizingandconcentrationoforeoccurs.Concordant:Anygeologicbody,suchasanoredeposit,whichlieswithinorparalleltovolcanicorsedimentarybeddinganddoesnotcutacrossthebeddingstructures.(Alsoconformable).Core:Acylindricalsampleofrock.CountryRock:Therockwhichsurroundstheoredeposit.Alsoreferredtoaswall-rock,inparticularthatrockoneithersideofavein.Cuttings:Smallpiecesofrockthatbreakawayduetotheactionofthedrillbitteeth.Cut-off:Thecut-offgradeisthearbitrarilydefinedlowestgradewhichwillbeminedfromanoredeposit,andusuallydefinestheboundaryofthedeposit.Forexample,iftheaveragegradeofaporphyrydepositis0.5%Cu,thecut-offmightbe0.2%Cu.Anyrockwithagradebelow0.2%Cuwouldthereforebeconsideredwaste.Concentrate:Theresidueofvaluablemetalfromwhichmostofthewasterockhasbeenremoved.Theresiduemetalbecomestherawmaterialforsmelting.Discordant:Ageologicbody,suchasadykeorvein,whichcutsacrossprimaryrockstructuressuchasbedding.Ep