中考初中英语被动语态讲解(精心整理)

中考初中英语被动语态讲解（精心整理）被动语态专题定义语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语之间的关系。英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语的执行者。被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词被动语态的时态：“主动语态变被动语态，时态不变动”，即助动词be的时态要跟原主动语态中的时态保持一致。请看下表：时态被动结构一般现在时am/is/are+过去分词一般过去时was/were+过去分词一般将来时will/shallbe+过去分词现在进行时am/is/arebeing+过去分词现在完成时have/hasbeen+过去分词含情态动词can/may/must...be+过去分词主动语态变被动语态的方法第一步：先确定主动句的主、谓、宾，找出其中的谓语动词。第二步：把主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语，若宾语是人称代词，变宾格为主格。第三步：把主动句中的谓语动词变为“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”，时态不变。第四步：把主动句中的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语(没必要说出动作的执行者时，“by+宾语”在句中常省略。)，若主语是人称代词，应把主格变为宾格。请对比下面的主动句和被动句：主动语态：They(主语)grow(谓语)tea(宾语)inthesoutheastofChina.被动语态：Tea(主语)isgrown(谓语)bytheminthesoutheastofChina.随堂演练（把下列句型改为被动句）1.Brucewritesalettereveryweek.→2.LiLeimendedthebrokenbikethismorning.→3.Wegrowtreeseveryspring.→4.Mymothercleansourroomeverymorning.→补充：①S+V+IO+DO双宾语的结构变为被动语态时，可把其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语。若将直接宾语变为主语，需根据习惯在原间宾语前加上介词to或for。用to的常见词有：give,show,send,lend,pass,pay,teach,throw,bring…….用for的常见词有：design,choose,sing,buy,get,cook……1.Marygavehimsomebooks.HewasgivensomebooksbyMary.SomebooksweregiventohimbyMary.2.Herfatherboughtheranewbike.Shewasboughtanewbikebyherfather.Anewbikewasboughtforherbyherfather.随堂演练：（1）Hegavemeabook.→____________________________________(间接宾语作主语)→____________________________________(直接宾语作主语)（2）Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.→____________________________________(间接宾语作主语)→____________________________________(直接宾语作主语)②S+V+O+OC带复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）的结构变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语不可变为主语。1.WecallhimGina.→HeiscalledGina(byus).2.Theymademehappy.→Iwasmadehappy(bythem).3.Heaskedmetocomehere.→Iwasaskedtocomehere(byhim)补充：在主动语态中，使役动词和感官动词后接动词原形（即省to的动词不定式），在变成被动语态时，需将to补上。使役动词let除外。使役动词和感官动词有：一感（feel）,二听（hear，listento）,三让（make,have,let）,四看（lookat,see,watch,notice）Isawhimplayfootballontheplaygroundjustnow.→Hewasseentoplayfootballontheplaygroundbyme.随堂演练：1.Wesawthem_______(play)football.They___________________________football.2.Weoftenhearher_______(sing)inEnglish.She_____often______________inEnglish.另：see,hear后接doing作宾补时,在变为被动语态时不加to。Icanhearhimsinging.He____________________________.被动语态的否定句和一般疑问句被动语态的否定句和疑问句被动语态的否定句构成须在第一个助动词后加not。Myhomeworkhasnotbeenfinished.我的作业还没有完成。被动语态的一般疑问句是将第一个助动词置于主语之前。Willtheworkerbesentaway?这个工人将被解聘吗？一般疑问句否定ThephotosweretakeninJapan.①(改为否定句)②（改为一般疑问句，并做肯定和否定回答）被动语态的用法(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。Mybikewasstolenyesterday.(2)强调动作的执行者时，使用“by+执行者”。Thepenwasusedbymyfather.【注意】只有及物动词才有被动语态。不及物动词如rise，come，go，happen，takeplace等，没有被动语态。被动语态注意点含“不及物动词+介词/副词”（短语动词）的句子变成被动语态时，介词或副词不能丢掉。Shetookgoodcareofhergrandmother.→Hergrandmotherwastakengoodcareofbyher.随堂演练1.Peopleoftentalkaboutthatfilm.Thatfilmisoftentalked______.2.Helooksaftermeverywell.I________________________________.3.Thenursetookgoodcareofthesickman.Thesickman__________________.4.Weshouldspeaktotheoldpeoplepolitely.Theoldpeopleshould_______________politely.主动形式表示被动意义.(强调动作自然发生，或事物本身性质)a)某些连系动词:look,smell,taste,feel,sound。主动形式表示被动意义。Themusic________(听起来)interesting.b)说明主语特征、状态的词。这类词通常主动表被动。growwell,,washwell,writewell,sellwell，readwell,breakeasily,hurtbadly（疼得厉害）随堂演练1.Wegrowriceeveryyear.Anditgrowswell.2.Theglasswasbrokenbyaboy.Thiskindofglass______easily.(容易碎)3.Thepenissoldhere.Itwell.(写起来好)4.Thatbookissoldhere.It________/_______well.(卖得好)(读起来好)5.Theshirtiswashedeveryday.Andit_______well.(洗起来好)6.Ilikeeatingthefood.Andit______well(吃起来好)7.He_______byacaryesterday.Now,hishead_________(疼)badly.c)当open,close,shut,lock,move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常主动表被动。d)need,want,require等动词以及形容词worth（值得）后面，跟-ing的主动形式表达被动意义。needdoingsth=needtobedonewantdoingsth=wanttobedonerequiredoingsth=requiretobedonebeworthdoingsth值得被做某事Myoldbikeneedsrepairing=Myoldbikeneedstoberequired。我的旧自行车需要修一下。随堂演练Myclothesneed___________(wash).Thebookisworth___________(read)twice.Thehouseneeds__________(repair).表示动作自然发生的动词，如：appear,comeout,happen,takeplace,die,disappear,fall,breakdown,itch,rise,belongto随堂演练1.Insummer,leaves________(落下).2.Hiscar________(抛锚了)onthewayhere.3.Anaccident_____(发生)andhe_____(死了).4.Greatchanges__________(发生)overtheyears.5.Abigcloud________(出现)whenthesun_______(消失).6.Ourteachertoldusthesun________(升起)intheeast.二、英语书面表达专项训练2．诚信是中华民族的传统美德，也是社会主义核心价值观内容之一。而你的朋友Daming最近却被诚信危机所困扰。上周末，他本来和Lingling相约一起去电影院看电影，但是他却因为在家复习考试，把这件事忘了，直到第二天才想起来。因此，Lingling很生气，并且不愿接受Daming的道歉。请你就此事给校报投稿，以“TheImportanceofPromise”为题，内容要点如下：1、简述事件；2、谈谈自己的看法，并给Daming一些建议。注意：1、词数80—100；2、行文连贯，逻辑合理；3、文中不能出现真实的校名和人名；4、文章的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。TheImportanceofPromiseDeareditor,Peoplealwaysemphasize（强调）theimportanceofthepromise,andtheyhatepeoplewhobreaktheirpromise.Promiseisveryimportant.Everyoneshouldkeepit.Yours,Tony【答案】TheImportanceofPromiseDeareditor,Peoplealwaysemphasize（强调）theimportanceofthepromise,andtheyhatepeoplewhobreaktheirpromise.Recently,athinghappenedtomyfriend,andIthinkitwasreallyhisfault.Lastweekend,myfriendDaminghadadatewithhisfriendLinglingtowatchamovie.Buthetotallyforgotitthatdaybecauseofhisreviewforhisexam.SoLinglinggottooangrytoforgivehim.Inmyopinion,itwasreallyhisfault.ForgettingthedatenotonlyledtoLingling’sanger,butalsomadeherlosetrustinhim.Keepingpromisesisalwaysthetraditionalvirt