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译文原文题目：Stateoftheartinroboticassembly译文题目：用机械手装配的发展水平学院：机电工程学院专业班级：09级机械工程及自动化01班学生姓名：学号：大学本科毕业设计（译文）1From::Increasinginternationalcompetition,shorterproductlifecycle,increasingproductdiversity,decreasingproductquantity,shorterdeliverytimes,higherdeliveryreliability,higherqualityrequirementsandincreasinglabourcosts.Nexttothesemarketdevelopments,technologicaldevelopmentsalsoplayarole,offeringnewopportunitiestooptimizeprice,qualityanddeliverytimeintheirmutualrelationships.Thetechnologicaldevelopmentsareamongotherthings:informationtechnology,newdesignstrategies,newprocessingtechniques,andtheavailabilityofflexibleproductionsystems,suchasindustrialrobots.Companieswillhavetoadjusttheirpolicytothesemarketandtechnologydevelopments(marketpullandtechnologypush,respectively).Thispolicyisdeterminedbythecompanyobjectivesandthecompanystrategywhichlieatitsbasis.Undertheinfluenceoftheexternaldevelopmentsmentioned,thecompanyobjectivescan,ingeneral,bedividedinto:highflexibility,highproductivity,constantandhighproductquality,shortthroughputtimes,andlowproductioncosts.Optimizingthesecompetitionfactorsnormallyresultsinthegenerationofmoremoney,andthus(greater)profits.Torealizethisobjective,mostcompanieschoosethefollowingstrategies:reductionofcomplexity,applicationofadvancedproductiontechnologies,integralapproach,qualitycontrol,andimprovementoftheworkingconditions.Figure1showsthecompanypolicyinrelationtotheexternaldevelopmentstowhichthecompanypolicyshouldbeadjusted.大学本科毕业设计（译文）2Figure1.ExternaldevelopmentsandcompanypolicyWithregardtotheproductandproductiondevelopment,asubdivisioncanbemadeinto大学本科毕业设计（译文）3thefollowingstrategieswhichinvolve[1]:Theproduct:designformanufacturing/assembly,ashortdevelopmenttime,amorefrequentdevelopmentofnewproducts,functionintegrationtominimizethenumberofparts,miniaturizationandstandardization.Theprocess:improvedcontrollability,shortercycletimesandminimalstocks.Thereisatrendincreasinglytocarryoutprocessesindiscreteproductioninflowform.Theproductionsystem:theuseofuniversal,modular,andreliablesystemcomponents,highsystemflexibility(inrelationtodecreasingbatchsizes,andincreasingproductvariants),andtheintegrationofproductsystemsintheentireproduction.StateoftheartPartsmanufacturingandassemblytogetherformcoherentsub-processeswithintheproductionprocess.Inpartsmanufacturing,therawmaterialisprocessedortransformedintoproductpartsinthecourseofwhichtheform,sizesand/orpropertiesofthematerialarechanged.Inassemblytheproductpartsareputtogetherintosubassembliesorintofinalproducts.Figure2showstherelationshipsbetweenthesefunctionalprocessesandthemostimportantcontrolprocesseswithinanindustrialenterprise.Thisshowsthatassemblybymeansofmaterialorproductflowsislinkedtopartsmanufacturing,andthatbymeansofinformationflowsitisintegratedwithmarketing,productplanning,productdevelopment,processplanningandproductioncontrol.大学本科毕业设计（译文）4Figure2.AssemblyaspartoftheproductionprocessAssemblyformsanimportantlinkinthewholemanufacturingprocess,becausethisoperationalactivityisresponsibleforanimportantpartofthetotalproductioncostsandthethroughputtime.Itisoneofthemostlabour-intensivesectorsinwhichtheshareofthecostsoftheassemblycanamountfrom25to75percentofthetotalproductioncosts[1].Researchshowsthattheshareofthelabourcostsintheassemblyinrelationtothetotalmanufacturingcostsisapproximately45percentforlorryengines,approximately55percentformachinetools,andapproximately65percentforelectricalapparatus[1].Thecentreofthecostitems大学本科毕业设计（译文）5movesmoreandmorefromthepartsmanufacturingtotheassembly,asautomationofthepartsmanufacturinghasbeenintroducedonalargerscaleandmoreconsistentlythanfortheassembly.Thisismainlyduetothecomplexityoftheassemblyprocessandisalsoaresultofassemblyunfriendlyproductdesigns.Asaresult,therearehighassemblycosts.Furthermore,itappearsthatassemblyaccountsforapproximately20to50percentofthetotalthroughputtime[1].Ontheonehand,rationalizationandautomationoftheassemblyoffergoodopportunitiestominimizetheproductioncostsandthethroughputtime.However,successdependsonnumerousfactors,suchasanintegralperceptionofassemblyinconjunctionwithmarketing,productplanning,productdevelopment,processplanning,productioncontrolandpartsmanufacturing(seeFigure2).Forthispurpose,anassembly-friendlyproductandprocessdesignareofessentialimportance.Researchshowsthatthedesigncostsofaproductamounttoonlyapproximately5percentofthemanufacturingcostsonaverage,andthattheproductdesigninfluencesapproximately70percentofthesecosts.Examplesarealternativematerialchoice,differentlyshapedparts,and/orhavingonepartfulfilvariousfunctions.Ontheotherhand,rationalizationandautomationoftheassemb