1第四章轴心受力构件1、如图所示桁架,承受节点荷载720PkN,验算下弦杆AB是否安全。AB杆采用2L100×63×8,钢材采用Q235A,2215/dfNmm,杆件计算长度12oylm,6oxlm。在C节点处设有安装孔,孔径为021.5dmm。d=21.50A=25.163cm2i=1.77cmxyi=4.82cmP400012000yyxx图桁架形式及下弦中间节点构造解:桁架右端支座的竖向支座反力360yFkN,AB杆拉力为:600/400540yTFkNAB杆正应力:32254010248.6/215/25.163-0.82.152dnTNmmfNmmA强度不满足要求最大长细比:0maxmax6003393501.77li长细比满足要求2、某车间工作平台柱高2.6m,轴心受压,两端铰接。材料用I16,Q235钢,钢材强度设计值2215/dfNmm。求轴心受压稳定系数及其稳定临界荷载。如改用Q345钢,2310/dfNmm,则各为多少?xyyxi=1.89cmyxi=6.57cm2A=26.11cm2图轴压柱横截面解:I16型钢柱截面面积226.11Acm,回转半径6.57xicm,1.89yicm。于是:2606.5739.6oxxxli,2601.89137.6oyyyli该截面绕x轴为a类截面,绕y轴为b类截面。由于yx,该柱更容易绕y轴失稳。(1)采用Q235钢时:按照137.6235yyf,b类截面查表得0.3530.3532611215198.1crdAfkNN(2)采用Q345钢时:按照166.7235yyf,b类截面查表得0.2560.2562611215210.5crdAfkNN3、两端铰接的轴心受压柱,高10m,截面由三块钢板焊接而成,翼缘为剪切边,材料为Q235,强度设计值2205/dfNmm,承受轴心压力3000kN(包括自重)。如采用图所示的两种截面,计算两种情况下柱是否安全。yyxx500020205008(a)(b)1040025254000xxyy图轴压柱横截面解:(1)采用a截面时:截面面积2240Acm,541.4310xIcm,444.1710yIcm;回转半径:24.41xxIicmA,13.18yyIicmA;长细比:40.97oxxxli,yyy75.87oli;整体稳定验算:由于翼缘为剪切边,对x轴为b类截面,对y轴为c类截面。3按照75.87235yyf,c类截面查表得0.6050.6042400020529773000crdNAfkNkN但由于1051.052977=31253000crNkNkN.(整体稳定验算合格)局部稳定验算:翼缘:23512.3(100.1)17.59yybtf腹板:023562.5(250.5)62.94ywyhtf(局部稳定验算合格)(2)采用b截面时:截面面积2240Acm,449.5810xIcm,442.6710yIcm;回转半径:19.98xxIicmA,10.55yyIicmA;长细比:50.05oxxxli,yyy94.79oli;整体稳定验算:由于翼缘为剪切边,对x轴为b类截面,对y轴为c类截面。按照94.79235yyf,c类截面查表得0.4880.4882400020524013000crdNAfkNkN(整体稳定验算不合格)局部稳定验算:翼缘:2357.8(100.1)19.48yybtf腹板:023540(250.5)72.40ywyhtf(局部稳定验算合格)4、验算一轴心受压缀板柱。柱肢采用工字型钢,如图所示。已知轴心压力设计值N=3000kN(包括自重),计算长度20oxlm,10oylm(x轴为虚轴),材料为Q235,强度设计值2205/dfNmm,2125/vdfNmm。4图轴压柱横截面解:I40a型钢截面几何特性:286.07Acm,421714xIcm,4659.9yIcm,15.88xxIicmA,2.77yyIicmA。组合截面几何特性:2286.07172.14Acm,4522043xIcm,4221714yIcm,55.07xxIicmA,15.88yyIicmA。(1)整体稳定计算:组合截面长细比:yyy36.32,62.97ooxxxllii格构柱单肢长细比:18028.882.77单肢线刚度:41659.96.0/110kcmcm缀板线刚度:4122.73/bbIKcmcmc由于120.466bKk,故组合截面绕x-x轴的换算长细比:22146.40oxxy由62.97235yyf,按照b类截面查表得:0.7912791.32000crdNAfkNkN(整体稳定验算合格)(1)局部稳定计算:A.由于单肢为热轧型钢,本身不会出现局部失稳问题。B.单肢节间稳定:长细比:128.8840,且128.880.5=31.49y,单肢节间稳定满足要求。5C.缀板计算:3027.540bctmmmm,故只须验算缀板强度。max41.5285235ydfAfVkNmax111020.762110VaTVkNc111.422aMVkNm缀板正应力:225.37/dMNmmfW缀板剪应力:21.53.46/vdbTNmmfbt缀板满足要求。综上所述,该格构柱满足要求。5有一拔杆,采用Q235钢,2215/dfNmm,如图5-9所示,缀条采用斜杆式体系。设考虑起吊时的动力作用等,应将起重量乘以1.25,并设平面内、外计算长度相等。问o60时,拔杆最大起重量设计值为多少?45°45°6006004L100x10缀条L63x6拔杆截面尺寸QNTQ24000mm22000mm22.41°60°图拔杆横截面及受力示意图解:角钢L100x10截面特性:219.26Acm;4179.51xIcm,40284.68xIcm,4074.35yIcm;3.05xicm,03.84xicm,y01.96icm。角钢L63x6截面特性:27.29Acm;427.12xIcm,4043.03xIcm,4011.20yIcm;1.93xicm,02.43xicm,y01.24icm。组合截面特性:2419.2677.04Acm,22oxoyllm,470058xyIIcm,30.16yxyIiicmA,yyy72.94oxli。(1)整体稳定计算:6格构柱换算长细比:22177.044072.944074.2427.29oxoyxxAA由74.24235yyf,按照b类截面查表得0.726,故拔杆所能承受的最大压力:0.72677042151202.5crdNAfkN(2)局部稳定验算:A.由于单肢为热轧型钢,本身不会出现局部失稳问题。B.单肢节间稳定:长细比:16030.6401.96且1max30.60.7=51.97。单肢节间稳定满足要求。C.缀条计算:缀条长细比6068.431.24cos45o,查表得0.847单角钢连接强度折减系数:00.60.00150.7026最大剪力:max19.4985235ydfAfVkN缀条轴心压力:max13.982cos45toVNkN缀条正应力:22t0tN22.32/151.07/AdNmmfNmm(缀条满足要求)综合(1)、(2),该拔杆所能承受的最大轴压力为1202.5kN。(3)最大起重量计算:受力简图如图5-9所示,则有:sin(6024.21)cos60oooTQcos6024.21sin60ooocrTQQN()解得:1.895crNQ将1202.5crNkN代入,并考虑动力系数1.25得:最大起重量max1202.55011.251.895QKN