名词变复数规则

整理文档很辛苦,赏杯茶钱您下走!

免费阅读已结束,点击下载阅读编辑剩下 ...

阅读已结束,您可以下载文档离线阅读编辑

资源描述

1.规则变化可数名词复数的构成及读音规则如下:情况构成方法读音例词一般情况加-s清辅音后/s/;浊辅音和元音后读/z/map–maps地图bag-bags书包/袋子car–cars小汽车book-books书apple-apples苹果pen-pens鸟bird-birds钢笔tree-trees树girl-girls女孩以s,ss,x,ch,sh等结尾的词加-es-es读/iz/bus–buses公共汽车class-classes课box–boxes盒子watch-watches手表brush-brushes刷子dish-dishes盘子/一碟菜以-f或-fe结尾的名词多数将-f和-fe变v加-es-ves读/vz/wife-wives妻子leaf–leaves树叶shelf-shelves架子knife-knives小刀wolf-wolves狼thief–thieves贼/小偷half-halves半life–lives生命记忆口诀:妻子用树架小刀将贼和狼劈成2半结束它们的生命以元音字母+y结尾的名词(a,e,i,o,u)直接加-s-s读/z/boy-boys男孩day-days天monkey–monkeys猴子holiday—holidays假日toy-toys玩具key-keys钥匙/答案记忆口诀:男孩和猴子天天在节假日玩玩具和钥匙以辅音字母+y结尾的非专有名词a,e,i,o,u变y为i再加es-s读/z/baby—babies婴儿/宝贝story—stories故事factory-factories工厂city-cities城市library-libraries图书馆family-families家庭hobby-hobbies业余爱好以辅音字母+0结尾的名词一般加-es-es读/z/Negro-Negroes黑人hero—heroes英雄tomato–tomatoes西红柿potato–potatoes土豆mango-mangoes芒果记忆口诀:黑人英雄喜欢吃西红柿,土豆还有芒果以元音字母+0结尾的以及外来名词加-s-s读/z/zoo-zoos动物园photo-photos照片kangaroo-kangaroos袋鼠bamboo–bamboos竹子radio–radios收音机piano-pianos钢琴记忆口诀:(动物园)(照片)中的(袋鼠)可以用(竹子)听(收音机)和弹(钢琴)单复数同形名词保持不变deer-deer鹿sheep-sheep绵羊fish-fish鱼people-people人/人们Chinese-Chinese中国人English英国人Japanese-Japanese日本人Vietnamese-Vietnamese越南人Swiss瑞士人Portuguese葡萄牙人Lebanese黎巴嫩人记忆口诀:草原上吃草两种动物:鹿和绵羊水里游的鱼;中日英三国家人;越,瑞,葡,黎4四国家人表示某国人名词的复数直接加shuman-humans(人,人类)German-Germans(德国人)Russian-Russian(俄罗斯人)American-Americans(美国人)Italian-Italians(意大利人)Indian-Indians(印度人)Canadian-Canadians(加拿大)Australian-Australians(澳大)Swede-Swedes(瑞典人)记忆口诀:人类/德国俄,美,意,印,加,瑞复数加S无连字号复合名词以后面名词变复数规律保持一致mooncake-mooncakes(月饼)bookcase-bookcases(书橱)armchair-armchairs(轮椅)toothpick-toothpicks(牙签)housewife-housewives(家庭主妇)gentleman-gentlemen(绅士)bookshelf-bookshelves(书架)stopwatch-stopwatches(秒表)wineglass-wineglasses(酒杯)birthday-birthdays(生日)blackboard-blackboards(黑板)greenhouse-greenhouses(温室)第一个名词是man,woman的复合名词两者都要变复数manteacher-menteachers(男老师)womandoctor---womendoctors(女医生)男人/女人做定语修饰名词,两者都需要变复数以f,fe结尾特殊名词直接在词尾加sroof-roofs(屋顶)chief—chiefs(首领)serf—serfs(农奴)reef-reefs(礁石/暗礁)hoof-hoofs(马蹄)cliff-cliffs(悬崖)gulf—gulfs(海湾/鸿沟)belief-beliefs(信仰/信念)proof-proofs(证据)记忆口诀:(屋顶)上的(首领)踩着(礁石)和(马蹄)带领(农奴)在(悬崖)(鸿沟)上找到了(信仰)和(证据).改内部双元音及其它字母的名词复数以及一些外来词名词加ren或者加enman---men男人woman-women女人ox-oxen牛child—children(孩子们)goose-geese鹅tooth-teeth牙齿foot-feet脚mouse-mice老鼠loues-lice寄生虫basis-bases(基础)(将i变为e)记忆口诀:(男人/女人a该e)(牛孩子们加en/ren)(老鼠寄生将m,l后面改为ice)英语名词单数变复数主要有以下规则:一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式,是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。读音变化:结尾是清辅音读[s],结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。例:friend→friends;cat→cats;style→styles;sport→sports;piece→pieces二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词,在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。读音变化:统一加读[iz]。例:bus→buses;quiz→quizzes;fox→foxes;match→matches;flash→flashesbox→boxes;watch→watches;actress→actresses;class→classes;coach(长途车)→coaches;dress→dresses;sandwich→sandwiches;toothbrush→toothbrushes;waitress(女侍者)→waitresses三、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,将y改变为i,再加-es。读音变化:加读[z]。例:candy→candies;daisy(雏菊)→daisies;fairy→fairies;lady→ladies;story→storiesstrawberry→strawberries;baby→babies;puppy→puppies;library→libraries;dictionary→dictionaries;cherry→cherries;activity→activities四、以-o结尾的名词,如果不是外来词或缩写,就加-es,否则加-s构成复数。(有生命的加es,无生命的加s)读音变化:加读[z]。例:tomato→tomatoes;potato→potatoes;torpedo(鱼雷)→torpedoes;bingo(彩票式游戏)→bingoes反例:silo(青贮塔)→silos;piano→pianos(外来词);photo→photos;macro(宏指令,计机算语言)→macros(缩写词)五、以-f或-fe结尾的名词,多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves,但有例外。读音变化:尾音[f]改读[vz]。例:knife→knives;life→lives;leaf→leaves;staff(员工)→staves;scarf(围巾)→scarves目前搜集的直接加s:roof-roofs,belief-beliefs,gulf(海湾)-gulfs,serf(农奴)-serfs,safe-safes,chief(负责人)-chiefs这几个可变可不变:scarf-scarfs,handkerchief-handkerchiefs六、以-us结尾的名词(多为外来词),通常将-us改变为-i构成复数。读音变化:尾音[Es]改读[ai],其中[kEs]要改读为[sai],[gEs]要改读为[dVai]。例:fungus(真菌)→fungi;abacus(算盘)→abaci;focus(焦点)→foci;cactus(仙人掌)→cacti;cestus(拳击用的牛皮手套)→cesti七、以-is结尾的名词,通常将-is改变为-es。读音变化:尾音[is]改读[i:z]。例:axis(轴线)→axes;basis→bases;naris(鼻孔)→nares;hypothesis(假设)→hypotheses;restis(索状体)→restes八、以-ix结尾的名词,通常将-ix改变为-ices,但有例外。读音变化:尾音[iks]改读[isi:z]。例:matrix(矩阵)→matrices;directrix(准线)→directrices;calix(杯状窝,盏)→calices;appendix(阑尾)→appendices反例:affix(粘住,使固定)→affixes九、以-um结尾的名词,将-um改变为-a。读音变化:去掉鼻尾音[m]。例:forum(论坛)→fora;stadium(体育场)→stadia;aquarium(水族鱼缸)→aquaria;datum(数据)→data;vacuum(真空,空虚)→vacua十、以-a结尾的名词,在该词末尾加上后辍-e。读音变化:尾音[E]改读[i:]。例:larva(昆虫的幼虫)→larvae;formula(公式)→formulae;ala(翼)→alae;media(媒介)→mediae;hydra(九头蛇,水螅)→hydrae十一、部分单词的复数形式不变。读音变化:保持原音。例:fish→fish;sheep→sheep;cattle→cattle;deer→deer;salmon(蛙、三文鱼、大马哈)→salmoncannon→cannon;trout→trout(鳟鱼)十二、极少数单词,其复数形式没有任何规律。读音变化:没有规律。例:man→men;woman→women;child→children;person→people;ox→oxenfoot→feet;goose→geese;mouse→mice;tooth→teeth;datum→data数据十三、一些单数词得加en才能变成复数词:例:ox→oxen;child→children;brother(用于教堂)→brethren十四、一些单数词得改头换面一番,才能变成复数词例:analysis→analyses分析;basis→bases基础;datum→data数据;foot→feet;formula公式→formulae/formulas;goose→geese;louse虱子→lice;man→menmouse→mice;medium→media/mediums媒介;emorandum→memoranda/memorandums备忘录;parenthesis→parentheses圆括号;phenomenon→phenomena现象;radius→radii半径tooth→teeth;woman→women十五、有些名词是单数、复数不分的例:deer;fish;cannon(大炮);sheep;salmon鲑鱼;trout鳟鱼十六、一些名词虽分单数、复数,但出现次数多的总是单数词例:absence;clothing;film;help;furniture家具;machinery机械;news;scenery风景;sugar;traffic交通十七、另一些名词则以复数词出现

1 / 7
下载文档,编辑使用

©2015-2020 m.777doc.com 三七文档.

备案号:鲁ICP备2024069028号-1 客服联系 QQ:2149211541

×
保存成功