非谓语动词2013新程专转本非谓语动词不定式(todo)分词动名词(-ing)过去分词(-ed)现在分词(-ing)-ing分词-ed分词不定式的时态和语态时态、语态主动被动一般式todotobedone进行式tobedoing/完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone完成进行式tohavebeendoing/动词不定式(todo)1不定式做主语2不定式做表语3不定式做宾语4不定式做宾语补足语5不定式做定语6不定式做状语7不定式用法注意事项TheInfinitive(不定式)Subject(主语)Object(宾语)Predictive(表语)attribute(定语)Adverbial(状语)Complement(补语)Todothatsortofthingisfoolish.Itisfoolishtodothatsortofthing.Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.Allyouhavetodois(to)finishitquicklyWefoundahousetolivein.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.Thepatientwaswarnednottoeatoilyfoodaftertheoperation.Heliftedastoneonlytodropitonhisownfeet.Theyjumpedwithjoytohearthenews.1.不定式做主语一般用it当形式主语,把真正的主语不定式后置。Ittookmeonlyfiveminutestofinishthejob.完成那个任务花去了我五分钟。Itisverydifficultforhimtofinishthepaperinsuchashorttime.在如此短的时间内完成试卷对他来说很难。2.不定式作表语通常表示预定要发生的动作,结构为“be+todo”。Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.我的工作是每天清扫房间。Hisdreamistobeadoctor.他的梦想是成为一名医生。3.不定式作宾语1)“动词+不定式”afford(负担得起),agree(同意),dare(敢于)decide(决定),happen(碰巧),hesitate(犹豫),fail(不能),guarantee(保证),tend(倾向),manage(设法),pretend(假装),offer(提供),plan(计划)…1.Heofferedtohelpme.2.Thestudentfailedtopasstheexam.2)“动词+疑问词+不定式”有些动词可以要求其后的不定式前面加一个连接副(代)词,一起充当宾语。what,when,where,which,how,whether等,但不可以是why。1.Couldyoutellmewhethertogoforapicnic?2.Mymothershowedmehowtopreparemeals.3)“动词+宾语+不定式”不定式可以做宾语补足语,常见的动词有:advise,allow,appoint,arrangefor,ask,consider,expect,forbid,force,invite,judge,like…1.Theofficerorderedhismentofire.长官命令士兵开火。2.Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。4)“it作形式宾语”当不定式为直接宾语,且带有宾语补足语时,应将不定式置于补足语后面,而用it代替它。Ifounditimpossibletoanswerallthequestionswithinthetimegiven.我发现在规定的时间内答完所有的问题是不可能的。4.不定式做定语通常放在被修饰的词后面,往往表示未发生的动作。Ihavealotofworktodo.我有许多事要做。Therewasnothingtobringhomethatmorning.那天早上(他回家时)两手空空。5.不定式作状语1)作目的状语,常用结构为”todo,onlyto,inorderto,soastodo,so(such)…asto…Heransofastastocatchthefirstbus.我来仅仅是向你告别。他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。Icomehereonlytosaygood-byetoyou.2)作结果状语常用enoughto,sufficientto,onlyto,neverto,so+形容词/副词+asto引导。Iawoketofindmytruckgone.我醒来发现箱子不见了。我要开门,却发现门被里面锁住了。Itriedthedoor,onlytofinditlockedinside.Hesearchedtheroomtofindnothing.他搜索了房间,没发现什么。3)作原因状语Shesmiledtoseethestudentssohappy.看到学生们这么高兴她笑了。Heopenedhismouthwideasiftospeak.他张开嘴像是要说些什么.(=Shesmiledbecauseshesawthestudentssohappy.)(=Heopenedhismouthwideasifhewouldspeak.)4)作方式状语省略to的不定式(1)cannotbut(只得)cannothelpbut(不得不,只得)hadbetter(最好还是)hadrather(宁愿)wouldrather(宁愿)wouldsooner(宁愿)may(just)aswell(还是...的好)must(just)aswell(幸好)ratherthan(而不是)whynot(为什么不)wouldyouplease(请您...)helpsb.(to)dosth.e.g.Hecouldn'tbutaccepttheterms.donothing/anything/everything...but/except结构不带to。LastnightIdidnothingbutwatchTV.昨天晚上,我除了看电视别的什么也没有干。IhavedonenothingexceptdowhatIshould.我只能做我应该做的事。医生除了让他戒烟,其它什么都没有说。Thedoctortoldhimnothingbuttostopsmoking.省去to的不定式(2)当谓语动词是感官动词see,watch,lookat,notice,hear,listento,smell,feel,find和使役动词let,have,make时,作宾语补语的不定式可以省去to。如果这些动词为被动形式,则要保留to。Iheardhimlockthedoor.我听到他锁门了。Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.=Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.老板让他们整夜干活。(被动语态)-ing分词1-ing分词做主语2-ing分词做表语3-ing分词做宾语4-ing分词做宾语补足语5-ing分词做定语6-ing分词做状语7-ing分词用法注意事项分词的时态和语态类别及物动词不及物动词形式主动被动主动一般式doingbeingdonedoing完成式havingdonehavingbeendonehavingdone-ing分词的一般式表示分词的动作与主句谓语的动作同时发生,它的主动语态的形式为-ing分词,被动语态的形式为“beingdone”。Everybodydislikesbeinglaughedat.谁都不喜欢被人嘲笑。Livinginthedowntown,wefoundalotofamusements.Havingreceivedhisletter,shewenttothenearestnetbartogosurfing.-ing分词的完成时表示分词的动作发生在主句谓语的动作之前,它的主动语态的形式为“having+-ed分词”,被动语态的形式为“havingbeen+-ed分词”。Havingbeengiventhisinformation,Ericsatdownagaintowait.得到此消息后,埃里克又坐下来等着。-ing分词的完成进行时表示分词的动作从过去开始,一直到说话时仍未结束,它的主动语态形式为“having+been+-ing分词Havingbeenwritingthisbook,Ihavenotimeforotherthings.我一直在写这本书,没有时间做其他事情。Teachingismyfull-timejob.WritinganEnglishcompositionisnoteasy.It’suselesstakingthiskindofmedicine.1.作主语(1)动名词Myjobisteaching.=Teachingismyjob.Herfull-timejobislayingeggs.=Layingeggsisherfull-timejob.(2)现在分词Theplayisexciting.≠Excitingistheplay.Thestoryhetolduswasveryinteresting.≠Interestingwasthestoryhetoldus.2.作表语•Isuggestedaskinghisbrotherforsomemoney.•Shekeepsbuyingexpensiveclothes.3.作宾语acknowledge(承认,自认),admit(承认)advise(建议)anticipate(预期,期望)appreciate(感激,欣赏)consider(考虑)deny(否认)delay(延迟)endure(忍受)enjoy(享有,喜爱)finish(完成)forbid(禁止)fancy(幻想,爱好),favor(偏爱)imagine(设想)include(包括),involve(卷入,包含)keep(继续不断)mind(介意)postpone(延迟)practise(实行,实践)prohibit(禁止),permit(允许)agreeto(同意)adaptto(适应)applyto(适用于)approveof(同意)beaccustomedto(习惯于)beafraidof(害怕)befondof(喜欢)begoodat(擅长)beintenton(专心于)beinterestedin(感兴趣)beopposedto(反对的)besickof(厌恶)besuccessfulin(成功)betiredof(厌倦)beworriedabout(不开心)can‘thelp(禁不住)can‘tresist(禁不住)contributeto(有助于)counton(依靠)dependon(决定于)feellike(想要)giveup(放弃)havedifficulty(in)(在某方面有困难)havetrouble(in)(在...有困难)holdoff(拖延)insiston(坚持)lookforwardto(期望)lookforwardto(期望)objectto(反对)persistin(坚持)preventfrom(阻止)putoff(推迟)relyon(依靠)resortto(求助)succeedin(获得成功)thinkabout(考虑)thinkof(考虑)worryabout(担心)4.作宾语补足语宾语补足语与宾语之间是主动关系。形式为“动词+宾语+doing”1)表示“致使,带来”等意义的动词bring(引起),catch(碰上),get,have,leave(使...处于某种状态),keep,set(使得,引起),start(引起)Thefarmercaughttheboysstealinghisapples.那个农民正好抓住那些在偷他苹