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形容词性从句--定语从句用来修饰名词、代词、句子等，在句中的作用相当于形容词，故称为形容词性从句。2013新程专转本◆限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句•限制性定语从句：对被修饰词起限定约束作用，与主句关系密切，不可省略或缺少，否则句意就不完整。•非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的意思，与主句用逗号隔开。IliveinXuzhouwheremyparentsworkedtenyearsago.Hissister,whoworksinShanghai,iscomingtoseehimtomorrow.如：e.g.Thecarthatisunderthetreeismine.先行词放置于名词之后，修饰名词的从句关系词连接作用1.2.在从句中充当成分◆限制性定语从句的构成3.指代先行词◆定语从句的关系词•关系代词（在从句中作主、表、宾、定等成分）指人:who(主格),whom(宾格),whose(所有格)指物:which(主格,宾格),whose(所有格)指人或物:that,as•关系副词（在从句中作状语）where(in/at/onwhich)when(during/on/inwhich)why(forwhich)1.Theman(who/whom/that)mymothersawinthestreetismyteacher.(指人）2.Thebookwhich/thattellsusabouttheearthisinteresting.（指物）3.Shelivesinahousewhosewindowfacessouth.4.DoyouknowtheboywhosefatherisanEnglishteacher?5.Ihaveneverheardsuchstoriesashetells.6.Iwillneverforgetthedaywhen(onwhich)Ijoinedthearmy.7.Iwon’tforgetthefactorywhere(inwhich)myfatherworked.8.Tellmethereasonwhyyoucamelate.◆只用that不用which的情况•1）先行词为不定代词，如：all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone,等•e.g.We’lldoallthatwecoulddotohelpyou.•2)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,oneof,theonly,thevery,theright,thesame,thelast,few,just修饰时。•ThistrainisthelasttrainthatwillgotoBeijing.•3)先行词被序数词和形容词最高级修饰时。•ThisisthemostinterestingbookthatI’veeverread.•4)先行词既有人又有物的时候。•ThepeopleandthehappytimethatIhadinthatvillageinfluencedmealot.•5)有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用which，另外一个用that。•Theysecretlybuiltupasmallfamilywhichproducedthingsandthatcouldcausepollution.6）先行词是be的表语或therebe的主语时.Heisnolongertheman(that)hewas.1)在非限定性定语从句中e.g.Brucewenttowardthefire,whichwasstillsmoking.◆只用which不用that的情况2)介词之后ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunoncelived.3)先行词本身是that时Whatisthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow?4)引导词后面有插入语的情况Hereisthebookwhich,asyouknow,Ilikebest.1)关系代词在从句中作宾语e.g.Haveyoureceivedthebook(that)Isentyoulastweek?◆关系词的省略2)关系代词在从句中作表语e.g.Maryisnolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobe.3)关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，并且介词在句末e.g.Thisistheartist(whom)Ispoketoyouabout.1.关系代词在从句中作主语e.g.Theclassroomthat/whichisonthefourthfloorispoorlyequipped.2.关系副词不可省略e.g.IhavecometoexplainthereasonwhyIwasabsentfromthemeeting.◆不能省略关系词的情况◆介词+关系代词1)固定搭配e.g.Thisistheevidencewithwhichthecaseisconnected.3)介词词组+关系代词e.g.Wearrivedatahill,ontopofwhichstoodatower.2)先行词e.g.I’llneverforgetthedayonwhich\whenIjoinedtheparty.◆介词+关系代词5)介词+关系代词+代词/数词e.g.Hehaswrittenmanybooks,ofwhichmostareinChinese.6)介词+whosee.g.HeistheverymaninwhosepocketIfoundmylostmoney.4)代词/数词+of+关系代词e.g.Hehaswrittenmanybooks,mostofwhichareforchildren.Wehavemanystudents,twoofwhomhavewonprizesofinternationalcompetitions.◆关系词的选择（三步法）•1.找出先行词•2.看先行词在从句中的功能（主语/宾语/状语）•3.选择关系词1)Thepeople_____________youmetinthecampusarefromAustralia.2)Thiswasthetime______________sheleftforBeijing.3)Theplace_______heoftenvisitsisalwaysfullofartists.who/whom/thatwhen/atwhichwhich•as引导非限定性定语从句和which的区别：①如果指代前一句话的意思,二者可以互换.e.g.Helefther,as/whichwasstrange.◆as和which②as引导的从句可以放在句首，句中和句尾。Aseveryoneknows,TomisgoodatEnglish.Theearth,asweknow,movesaroundthesun.③as有“正如….”一类的含义如：ashasbeensaidabove,asanybodycanseeaswehadexpected,asitappears④在thesame…as…/such….as….中as引导的是限制性定语从句.e.g.Manyofthesportsarethesameastheywerewhentheystarted.Theresultwasnotsuchasheexpected.◆as和which