土木工程外文翻译

本科毕业设计外文文献及译文文献、资料题目：Acomparativestudyofvariouscommerciallyavailableprogramsinslopestabilityanalysis文献、资料来源：ComputersandGeotechnics文献、资料发表（出版）日期：2008.8.9院（部）：专业：班级：姓名：学号：指导教师：翻译日期：山东建筑大学毕业设计外文文献及翻译-1-附件一，外文翻译原文及译文1，文献原文：Responseofareinforcedconcreteinfilled-framestructuretoremovaloftwoadjacentcolumnsMehrdadSasani_NortheasternUniversity,400SnellEngineeringCenter,Boston,MA02115,UnitedStatesReceived27June2007;receivedinrevisedform26December2007;accepted24January2008Availableonline19March2008AbstractTheresponseofHotelSanDiego,asix-storyreinforcedconcreteinfilled-framestructure,isevaluatedfollowingthesimultaneousremovaloftwoadjacentexteriorcolumns.AnalyticalmodelsofthestructureusingtheFiniteElementMethodaswellastheAppliedElementMethodareusedtocalculateglobalandlocaldeformations.Theanalyticalresultsshowgoodagreementwithexperimentaldata.Thestructureresistedprogressivecollapsewithameasuredmaximumverticaldisplacementofonlyonequarterofaninch(6.4mm).Deformationpropagationovertheheightofthestructureandthedynamicloadredistributionfollowingthecolumnremovalareexperimentallyandanalyticallyevaluatedanddescribed.Thedifferencebetweenaxialandflexuralwavepropagationsisdiscussed.Three-dimensionalVierendeel(frame)actionofthetransverseandlongitudinalframeswiththeparticipationofinfillwallsisidentifiedasthemajormechanismforredistributionofloadsinthestructure.Theeffectsoftwopotentialbrittlemodesoffailure(fractureofbeamsectionswithouttensilereinforcementandreinforcingbarpullout)aredescribed.Theresponseofthestructureduetoadditionalgravityloadsandintheabsenceofinfillwallsisanalyticallyevaluated.c2008ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.Keywords:Progressivecollapse;Loadredistribution;Loadresistance;Dynamicresponse;Nonlinearanalysis;Brittlefailure1.IntroductionAspartofmitigationprogramstoreducethelikelihoodofmasscasualtiesfollowinglocaldamageinstructures,theGeneralServicesAdministration[1]andtheDepartmentofDefense[2]developedregulationstoevaluateprogressivecollapseresistanceofstructures.ASCE/SEI7[3]definesprogressivecollapseasthespreadofaninitiallocalfailurefromelementtoelementeventuallyresultingincollapseofanentirestructureoradisproportionatelylargepartofit.FollowingtheapproachesproposedbyEllingwoodandLeyendecker[4],ASCE/SEI7[3]definestwogeneralmethodsforstructuraldesignofbuildingstomitigatedamageduetoprogressivecollapse:indirectanddirectdesignmethods.General山东建筑大学毕业设计外文文献及翻译-2-buildingcodesandstandards[3,5]useindirectdesignbyincreasingoverallintegrityofstructures.IndirectdesignisalsousedinDOD[2].Althoughtheindirectdesignmethodcanreducetheriskofprogressivecollapse[6,7]estimationofpost-failureperformanceofstructuresdesignedbasedonsuchamethodisnotreadilypossible.Oneapproachbasedondirectdesignmethodstoevaluateprogressivecollapseofstructuresistostudytheeffectsofinstantaneousremovalofload-bearingelements,suchascolumns.GSA[1]andDOD[2]regulationsrequireremovalofoneloadbearingelement.Theseregulationsaremeanttoevaluategeneralintegrityofstructuresandtheircapacityofredistributingtheloadsfollowingseveredamagetoonlyoneelement.Whilesuchanapproachprovidesinsightastotheextenttowhichthestructuresaresusceptibletoprogressivecollapse,inreality,theinitialdamagecanaffectmorethanjustonecolumn.Inthisstudy,usinganalyticalresultsthatareverifiedagainstexperimentaldata,theprogressivecollapseresistanceoftheHotelSanDiegoisevaluated,followingthesimultaneousexplosion(suddenremoval)oftwoadjacentcolumns,oneofwhichwasacornercolumn.Inordertoexplodethecolumns,explosiveswereinsertedintopredrilledholesinthecolumns.Thecolumnswerethenwellwrappedwithafewlayersofprotectivematerials.Therefore,neitherairblastnorflyingfragmentsaffectedthestructure.2.Buildingcharacteristics山东建筑大学毕业设计外文文献及翻译-3-HotelSanDiegowasconstructedin1914withasouthannexaddedin1924.Theannexincludedtwoseparatebuildings.Fig.1showsasouthviewofthehotel.Notethatinthepicture,thefirstandthirdstoriesofthehotelarecoveredwithblackfabric.Thesixstoryhotelhadanon-ductilereinforcedconcrete(RC)framestructurewithhollowclaytileexteriorinfillwalls.Theinfillsintheannexconsistedoftwowythes(layers)ofclaytileswithatotalthicknessofabout8in(203mm).Theheightofthefirstfloorwasabout190–800(6.00m).Theheightofotherfloorsandthatofthetopfloorwere100–600(3.20m)and160–1000(5.13m),respectively.Fig.2showsthesecondfloorofoneoftheannexbuildings.Fig.3showsatypicalplanofthisbuilding,whoseresponsefollowingthesimultaneousremoval(explosion)ofcolumnsA2andA3inthefirst(ground)floorisevaluatedinthispaper.Thefloorsystemconsistedofone-wayjoistsrunninginthelongitudinaldirection(North–South),asshowninFig.3.Basedoncompressiontestsoftwoconcretesamples,theaverageconcretecompressivestrengthwasestimatedatabout4500psi(31MPa)forastandardconcretecylinder.Themodulusofelasticityofconcretewasestimatedat3820ksi(26300MPa)[5].Also,basedontensiontestsoftwosteelsampleshaving1/2in(12.7mm)squaresections,theyieldandultimatetensilestrengthswerefoundtobe62ksi(427MPa)and87ksi(600MPa),respectively.Thesteelultimatetensilestrainwasmeasuredat0.17.Themodulusofelasticityofsteelwassetequalto29000ks