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烟台大学法学院法律硕士张川方中华人民共和国民事诉讼法2012CivilProcedureLawofthePeople’sRepublicofChina(AdoptedattheFourthSessionoftheSeventhNationalPeople’sCongressonApril9th,1991AmendedforthefirsttimeinaccordancewiththeDecisiononAmendingtheCivilProcedureLawofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaatthe30thMeetingoftheStandingCommitteeoftheTenthNationalPeople’sCongressonOctober28th,2007AmendedforthesecondtimeinaccordancewiththeDecisiononAmendingtheCivilProcedureLawofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaatthe28thMeetingoftheStandingCommitteeoftheEleventhNationalPeople’sCongressonAugust31st,2012)PartIGeneralProvisionsC-IAim,ScopeofApplicationandBasicPrinciplesArticle1TheCivilProcedureLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaisformulatedonthebasisoftheConstitutionandinthelightof(结合)theexperienceandactualconditionsofourcountryinthetrialofcivilcases(民事审判工作).2012-9-68:34:45Article2TheCivilProcedureLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaaimstoprotecttheexerciseofthelitigationrights(诉讼权利)ofthepartiesandensurethatthepeople'scourtcanascertainthefactsofcivilcases,distinguishrightfromwrong,applythelawcorrectly,trycivilcasespromptly,affirm(确认)civilrightsandobligations,imposesanctionsforcivilwrongs(民事违法行为)andprotectthelawfulrightsandinterestsoftheparties,soastoeducatecitizenstovoluntarilyabidebythelaw,maintainthesocialandeconomicorder,andguaranteethesmoothprogressofthesocialistconstruction.Article3Indealingwithcivillitigationarisingfromdisputesonpropertyandpersonalrelationsbetweencitizens,legalpersonsorotherorganizationsandbetweenthethreeofthem,thepeople'scourtshallapplytheprovisionsofthisLaw.Article4WhoeverengagesincivillitigationwithintheterritoryofthePeople'sRepublicofChinamustabidebythisLaw.Article5(1)Aliens,statelesspersons,foreignenterprisesandorganizationsthatbringsuits(起诉)orenterappearanceinthepeople'scourt(应诉)shallhavethesamelitigationrightsandobligationsascitizens,legalpersonsandotherorganizationsofthePeople'sRepublicofChina.(2)Ifthecourtofaforeigncountryimposesrestrictionsonthecivillitigationrightsofthecitizens,legalpersonsandotherorganizationsofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,thepeople'scourtsofthePeople'sRepublicofChinashallfollowtheprincipleofreciprocity(对等原则)regardingthecivillitigationrightsofthecitizens,enterprisesandorganizationsofthatforeigncountry.Article6(1)Thepeople'scourtshallexercisejudicialpowerswithrespecttocivilcases.(2)Thepeople'scourtshalltrycivilcasesindependentlyinaccordancewiththelaw,andshallbesubjecttonointerferencebyanyadministrativeorgan,publicorganization(社会团体)orindividual.Article7Intryingcivilcases,thepeople'scourtmustbaseitselfonfactsandtakethelawasthecriterion.Article8Thepartiesincivillitigationshallhaveequallitigationrights.Thepeople'scourtshall,inconductingthetrials,safeguardandfacilitatetheexercisingoftheirrights,andapplythelawequallytothem.Article9Intryingcivilcases,thepeople'scourtshallconductconciliation(调解)forthepartiesonavoluntaryandlawfulbasis.Ifconciliationfails,judgmentsshallberenderedwithoutdelay.Article10Intryingcivilcases,thepeople'scourtshall,accordingtotheprovisionsofthelaw,followthesystemsofpanelhearing(合议),withdrawal(回避),publictrialandthecourtofsecondinstancebeingthatoflastinstance(两审终审).Article11(1)Citizensofallethnicsshallhavetherighttousetheirnativespokenandwrittenlanguages(语言、文字)incivilproceedings(民事诉讼程序).(2)Wherepeopleofaminoritygroupliveinaconcentratedcommunity(聚居)orwhereseveralpeopleslivetogetherinonearea(共同居住),thepeople'scourtshallconducthearings(进行审理)andissuelegaldocumentsinthespokenandwrittenlanguagecommonlyusedbythelocalpeople(当地民族).(3)Thepeople'scourtshallprovidetranslationsforanyparticipantincourtproceedings(诉讼参与人)whoisnotfamiliarwiththespokenorwrittenlanguagecommonlyusedbythelocalpeople.Article12Partiestocivilactionsareentitledinthetrialsbythepeople'scourttoargueforthemselves.Article13(1)Theprincipleofhonestyandcredibility(诚实信用)shallbefollowedincivilproceedings.(2)Thepartiesarefreetodealwiththeirowncivilrightsandlitigationrightsthewaytheyprefer(有权)withinthescopeprovidedbythelaw.Article14Thepeople'sprocuratorateshallhavetherighttoexerciselegalsupervisionovercivilproceedings.Article15WhereanacthasinfringeduponthecivilrightsandinterestsoftheState,acollectiveorganizationoranindividual,anyStateorgan,publicorganization,enterpriseorinstitution(事业单位)maysupporttheinjuredunit(单位)orindividualtobringanactioninthepeople'scourt.Article16Thepeople'scongressesofthenationalautonomousareasmayformulate,inaccordancewiththeConstitutionandtheprinciplesofthisLaw,andinconjunctionwiththespecificcircumstancesofthelocalpeople,adaptiveorsupplementary(变通或者补充)provisions.SuchprovisionsmadebyanautonomousregionshallbesubmittedtotheStandingCommitteeoftheNationalPeople'sCongressforapproval.Thosemadebyanautonomousprefecture(自治州)orautonomouscountyshallbesubmittedtothestandingcommitteeofthepeople'scongressoftherelevantprovinceorautonomousregionforapprovalandtotheStandingCommitteeoftheNationalPeople'sCongressfortherecord.C-IIJurisdictionSection1JurisdictionbyLevelArticle17Theprimarypeople'scourtshallhavejurisdictionascourtoffirstinstanceovercivilcases,unlessother