搜索
•Bigcitieshavemoreconvenienttransportationandbettermedicalequipment.What’smore,theyhavemoreandbetterlearningresourceswhichinspireustoaccomplishourgoals.SentencesSentencetypes人治PK法治•就句子结构而言，英语句子是法治的，而汉语是人治的。•无主语：下雨了。•无动词：我二十岁。•无宾语：词典来了，快去买吧。•无逻辑：晒衣服/晒太阳吃苹果/吃食堂救国/救火I.BasicSentenceStructuresWhatisasentence?Asentenceisagroupofwordsthatformsastatement,command,exclamationorquestion,usuallycontainsasubjectandaverb,andinwritingbeginswithacapitalletterandendswithoneofthemarks“.”“?”or“!”RequirementsofCorrectSentences•1)Itshouldbestructurallycomplete;•2)Itshouldbeginwithacapitalletter;•3)Itshouldendwithafullstop,oraquestionmark,oranexclamationmark;•4)Itshouldexpressasinglecompleteidea.TherearesevenbasicelementsinEnglishsentences:subject,predicate,predicative(subjectcomplement),object,objectcomplement,attributive,andadverbialEverysentencehastwoessentialparts:Thesubjectofasentenceisthepartaboutwhichsomethingisbeingsaid.Theflowerbloomed.Bobpainted.Thegirlsontheteamwereallgoodstudents.Thepredicateofasentenceisthepartwhichsayssomethingaboutthesubject.Billtoldeveryoneaboutthewreck.Marysobbed.Sueplaysthepianowell.•clause:agroupofwordsthathasasubjectandaverb•independent(main)•dependent(subordinate)•Activity:Judgewhetherthefollowingexpressionsareclausesornot.1.Intherain.2.Whenhefinished.3.Becausethemovieisover.4.Maryscreamed.1.Simplesentences•Asimplesentenceincludesonlyoneindependentclausealthoughsometimesitcanhavemorethanoneverb,andcanbequitelong.Forexample:•MyjobisteachingEnglish.•Thishasmadeitnecessaryforagricultureandindustrytodevelopveryquickly.•Sometimesthesimplesentencemayhavetwoormoresubjectswithonepredicate.Forexample:•FastserviceandlowcostareimportantintheUnitedStates.•Sometimesinasimplesentence,asubjectmayhavetwoormorepredicates.Forexample:•Ivisitedmuseumsandsatinpublicgardens.•Sometimesasentencemayhavetwosubjectsandtwopredicates.Forexample:•RoseandCameronwenttothe•forestandcollectedalotof•insectspecimens.Thebasicsentencestructures1.Subject+verbThetelephonerang.2.Subject+verb+complementWearestudents./Milkturnssour.3.Subject+verb+objectLaborcreatedman.4.Subject+verb+IO+DOIsenthimaletter.5.Subject+verb+object+complementWeelectedhimourmonitor.2.Compoundsentences•Acompoundsentencehastwoormoremainclauses,eachcontainingasubjectandapredicate,eachdescribinganactioncompleteinitself.•1)Withacommaandacoordinatingconjunction•for,and,nor,but,or,yet,so(并列连词)•notonly…butalso…,either…or…,neither…nor•Readingaclassicismorechallengingthanreadingathriller,butitisalsomuchmorerewarding.•Eitheryoucomeinperson,oryouentrustsomeonewiththematter.•2)Withasemicolonorcolonandnocoordinatingconjunction•ColumbussetouttofindashorterroutetoIndiaandChina;heendedupdiscoveringanewworld.•Thereisonlyonesolution:drunkendriversmustgotojail.•3)Withasemicolonandaconjunctiveadverb（连接副词）followedbyacomma.•Hefailedinthisyear’scollegeentranceexamination;therefore,hedecidedhissecondattemptthenextsummer.•Thesalesvolumesoaredthisyear;accordingly,itsnetprofitincreased.•therefore,consequently,thus,accordingly,hence,otherwise,furthermore,besides,moreover,however3.ComplexsentencesAcomplexsentencecontainsonemainclauseandoneormoredependentclauses,withaconnectiveworddenotingtherelationbetweenthetwoparts.•(1)Sheisespeciallyinterestedinherdinnerbecausesheisusinganewkindofcooker.•(2)Whatisgoodmannersinonecountrymaynotbeappropriatebehaviorinanother.•(3)Theywantedtomanagearestaurant,althoughtheyhadnocookingskillsandmanagementexperience.从属连词after,although,as,because,before,if,once,since,that,till,unless,until,when,where,whether,whileasif,asfaras,assoonas,accordingas,incase,nomatterwho(how,what,when,where),ratherthan,forallthat,given(that),inorderthat,now(that),onconditionthat,(so)that,provided/providing(that),4.Compound-complexsentences•Frequentlywecombinecompoundandcomplexsentences,usingatleasttwomainclausesandonesubordinateclause.Forexample:•Theworldisfullofremarkablemenandwomen,butevenifwehadtimetogoallovertheearthtovisitthem,weshouldstillnotbeabletomeetmorethanasmall•fractionofthem.Exercises:Identifysentencesassimple,compound,complexorcompound-complex.⑴Smithfavoredthenewplan,butheagreedthatthecostwastoohigh.⑵HerreportstressestheneedforregionalmedicalcenterinPoderosa,amininganduniversitytown.⑶Mickeysangasong,andMarvinplayedhisguitar.⑷Lostinthought,shedidnothearthethunder.⑸WhenIboughttheAcerComputer,Ithoughtitwasthesolutionthatwehadlongneeded.Answers:1.Compound-complex2.Simple3.Compound4.Simple5.ComplexAccordingtotheiruse:Declarative,Interrogative,Imperative,andExclamatorySentences•Adeclarativesentencemakesanassertionorastatement.(positive/negative)•Howtofinancetheireducationhasbecomeamatterofconcernformanystudents.•Aninterrogativesentenceasksaquestion.•general/special/alternative/tagquestion•Animperativesentenceexpressesacommandorarequest.•Anexclamatorysentenceexpressesastrongfeelingoremotion,suchassurprise,pain,orjoy.•Howfortunatewearetobethestudentsofthenewcentury!1.Loose:Readtheletteragainifyouhavetime.2.Periodic:Ifyouhavetime,readtheletteragain.3.Loose:Hemissedthelectureal