动词不定式

动词不定式（上）to+do定义•“动词不定式”,是一种非谓语动词,由不定式符号to+动词原形构成。不定式具有动词的特征,同时也有名词、形容词和副词的特征。•动词不定式的肯定形式是to＋do；•其否定形式是notto＋do谓语•谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明。•做什么dowhat•是什么whatisthis•怎么样how大臣、将军、丞相……•A,B,C,D,E动词不定式在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语。1做主语.AisXXX.•谓语用第三人称单数形式.•Toseeistobelieve.•如果主语较长则用it做形式主语,将真正的主语动词不定式放到句尾.•egIt'sabadhabittorunafterdinner.•It'swrongtoplaytricksonotherpeople．2做表语.•XXXbeB.放在连系动词be后面（am,is,are）•规律：动词不定式在句中作表语时，通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。•Hiswishistobecomeascientist．•Theimportantthingsistosavelives.•当务之急是生命。3做宾语•XXXdoC.•♥want，wish，hope，promise，agree等动词后面跟并且只能跟不定式。•Weagreedtostartearly．•Shewantstobeadoctor．3做宾语•♥love，like，begin，start，hate，prefer等词后面可以接不定式。•helikestoplaywithchildren.•♥learn，plan，decide，ask，choose等词可以接不定式。•♥stop，forget，remember，goon，try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。口诀三个愿望两答应要求选择莫拒绝学会计划做决定do3做宾语•stoptodosth.：停止一件事，去做另一件事。stopdoingsth.：停止正在做的事。•Whentheteachercamein，thestudentsstoppedtalking.•当老师走进来时，学生们停止说话。•Whenhecameout，thestudentsstoppedtotalk．•当老师走出去时，学生们开始说话。•规律：某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语，又可接动名词作宾语，二者用法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分，如上面stop例句。•3做宾语•♥在find／feel＋it＋adj．＋todosth．•句型中，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。•如：Ifeeliteasytorecitethetext．动词不定式练习题•做练习动词不定式（下）to+do4做宾语补足语.•XXXdoCD.•♥tell，ask，want，order，teach，invite，warn，wish，help，get，wish，help等词后面常接不定式作宾补。•sheaskedmetohelpherwithherEnglish.•不带to•感官动词口诀解释：一感指feel二听指listento和hear三让指have,let，make四看见指see,watch,notice和observe半帮助指help♥后面接不带to的不定式作宾补。Thebossmakesthemwork16hoursaday．4做宾语补足语.•注意!!!若变成被动语态，在上述结构中，不定式符号to要加上。•Theyaremadetowork16hoursadaybytheboss．•Shewasheardtosinginthenextroom．感使动词真奇怪，to在句中像妖怪。主动句中它走开，被动句里它回来。5做定语•放在被修饰的名词、代词后面。•Ihavealotofworktodo．•Thedoctorsaidhecoulddonothingtohelptheboy．••如：Ihaveasmallbedroomtolivein．•Haveyougotsomepenstowritewith？注意!!!如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系，若动词是不及物动词，切记不要忘掉介词。()()6做状语•修饰动词或形容词•♥目的状语：放在go，come，use，live，inorder等词后面。•如：Icometoseeyou．•♥原因状语：放在sorry，glad，surprised，disappointed，excited等词后面。•Iamgladtoseeyouhere．•Iamsorrytotroubleyou．6做状语•♥作结果状语。•Someoftheapplesarehardtoreach．•Theroomislargeenoughtohold1000people．•特殊句式too……to•youarenevertoooldtolearn.7特殊疑问词+动词不定式.•与what，who，whose，when，where，how等疑问词连用，作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。•Idon'tknowwhattodonext．（宾语）•Hetaughtushowtousethecomputer．（宾语补足语）•It'sstillaquestionhowtogetthere．（主语）•Iamthinkingaboutwhattosay.（宾语）不定式的否定形式•否定形式是在不定式的标志to前加not。•例如：•1.Idecidednottoaskhimagain.•2.Pleaseremembernottoleavethelightsonwhenyouareout.动词不定式练习题•做练习练习1•1.Doyouwant________(go)withme?•2.Ihope________(see)youinmybirthdayparty.•3.Doyoudecide_______(come)withme?•4.Remember_________(say)“Hello”toyourparents.•5.Don`tforget_____________(buy)somefruits.1.togo2.tosee3.tocome4.tosay5.tobuy•1.Don’tforget________thenotebook.•A.totakeB.tocarryC.tosendD.tobring•2.Thelibrarianworkis________thebooksinthelibrary.•A.takescareofB.takecareofC.totakecareofD.takingcareof•3.Herparentswon’tlether________outwithherboyfriend.•A.goesB.togoC.goingD.go•4.Mywishis________ahouseofmyown.•A.tohaveB.forhavingC.haveD.ofhavingACDA练习2•1.Doyouhaveanything_______(eat)?I’mveryhungry.•2.Ibuyacomputer_______(search)theinformation.•3.founditdifficult_______(stop)him.•4.I’mglad_______(meet)you.•5.Ittookmehalfanhour_______(do)myhomeworkyesterday.1.toeat2.tosearch3.tostop4.tomeet5.todo•1.Iaskedher________withus.•A.whentogoB.whenhewillgoC.ifhewillgoD.thathewouldgo•2.Theteachertoldthem________makesomuchnoise.•A.don’tB.notC.willnotD.notto•3.Themathproblemissohard.Ireallydon’tknow______.•A.howtodoitB/.howtodoC.whattodoitDtodowhat.DAA•4.You’dbetter________her,itwouldonlyworryher.•A.nottellB.tellC.totellD.nottotell•Mymothertoldme____morewater.•A.drinkingB.todrink•C.drankD.drinkAB