搜索
IntangibleAssetsChapter8IntermediateAccounting12thEditionKieso,Weygandt,andWarfield1.Describethecharacteristicsandtypesofintangibleassets.2.Identifythecoststoincludeintheinitialvaluationofintangibleassets.3.Explaintheprocedureforamortizingintangibleassets.4.Describetheaccountingforresearchanddevelopment.5.Explaintheaccountingissuesrelatedtointangible-assetimpairments.LearningObjectivesIntangibleAssetsCharacteristicsTypesCharacteristicsandTypesofIntangiblesImpairmentofIntangiblesAccountingofIntangiblesLimited-lifeintangiblesIndefinite-lifeintangiblesotherthangoodwillGoodwillValuationAmortizationCharacteristicsandTypesofIntangiblesCharacteristics(1)Theylackphysicalexistence.(2)Theyarenotfinancialinstruments.Normallyclassifiedaslong-termasset.•无形资产是指企业拥有或控制的没有实物形态的可辨认非货币性资产。Forexa.：Patents、Copyrights、Franchisesorlicenses、Trademarksortradenames、Goodwill.(1)Marketing-related：(2)Customer-related：(3)Artistic-related：(4)Contract-related：(5)Technology-related：(6)Goodwill：TypesofIntangiblesTrademarkCustomerlistsCopyrightFranchise(orlicense)PatentedtechnologyandtradesecretsAccountingofIntangibles1、PurchasedIntangibles:ValuationRecordedatcost.Includesallcostsnecessarytomaketheintangibleassetreadyforitsintendeduse.2、InternallyCreatedIntangibles:Generallyexpensed.Onlycapitalizedirectcostsincurredindevelopingtheintangible,suchaslegalcosts.3、ResearchandDevelopment（R&D）CostsFrequentlyresultsinsomethingthatacompanypatentsorcopyrightssuchas:newproduct,process,idea,formula,composition,orliterarywork.IdentifyingR&DActivitiesResearchActivitiesPlannedsearchorcriticalinvestigationaimedatdiscoveryofnewknowledge.ExamplesLaboratoryresearchaimedatdiscoveryofnewknowledge;searchingforapplicationsofnewresearchfindings.DevelopmentActivitiesTranslationofresearchfindingsorotherknowledgeintoaplanordesignforanewproductorprocessorforasignificantimprovementtoanexistingproductorprocesswhetherintendedforsaleoruse.ExamplesConceptualformulationanddesignofpossibleproductorprocessalternatives;constructionofprototypesandoperationofpilotplants.AccountingforR&DActivitiesCostsAssociatedwithR&DActivities:Materials,Equipment,andFacilitiesPersonnelPurchasedIntangiblesContractServicesIndirectCostsBecauseofdifficultiesrelatedtoidentifyingcostswithparticularactivitiesanddeterminingthefuturebenefits,allR&Dcostsareexpensedwhenincurred.研究阶段的支出，于发生时计入当期损益。开发阶段的支出，同时满足下列条件，确认为无形资产：（1）完成该无形资产以使其能够使用或出售在技术上具有可行性；（2）具有完成该无形资产并使用或出售的意图；（3）无形资产产生未来经济利益的方式；（4）有足够的技术、财务资源和其他资源支持，以完成该无形资产的开发，并有能力使用或出售该无形资产；（5）归属于该无形资产开发阶段的支出能够可靠计量。1.Costofequipmentobtainedunderacapitallease.2.Costofsearchingforapplicationsofnewresearchfindings.3.Trainingcostsincurredinstart-upofnewoperation.4.Goodwillgeneratedinternally.5.Costoftestinginsearchofproductalternatives.6.Goodwillacquiredinthepurchaseofabusiness.7.Costofdevelopingapatent.8.Costofpurchasingatrademark.ItemClassificationE12-1Indicatehowitemsonthelistbelowwouldgenerallybereportedinthefinancialstatements.1.PP&E2.R&Dexpense3.Expense4.Notrecorded5.R&Dexpense6.Intangible7.R&DExpense8.IntangibleExample:GlobalCor.purchasedthenetassetsofLocalCompanyfor$300,000onDec.31,2007.ThebalancesheetofLocalCompanyjustpriortoacquisitionis:4、GoodwillAssetsCostFMVCash15,000$15,000$Receivables10,00010,000Inventories50,00070,000Equipment80,000130,000Total155,000$225,000$LiabilitiesandEquitiesAccountspayable25,000$25,000$Commonstock100,000Retainedearnings30,000Total155,000$25,000$FMVofNetAssets$200,000CalculationofGoodwill:BookvalueofnetassetsofLocal:Assets155,000$Liabilities(25,000)Bookvalueofnetassets130,000Under(Over)valuedassetorliabilities:Inventory20,000Equipment50,000FMVofnetassetsofLocal200,000PricepaidforLocal300,000Goodwill100,000$BookValue=$130,000FairValue=$200,000PurchasePrice=$300,000Revaluation$70,000Goodwill$100,000JournalentryrecordedbyGlobal:Cash15,000Receivables10,000Inventory70,000Equipment130,000Goodwill100,000Accountspayable25,000Cash300,000AmortizationofIntangiblesLimited-LifeIntangibles:Amortizetoexpense.Creditassetaccountoraccumulatedamortization.Indefinite-LifeIntangibles:Noforeseeablelimitontimetheassetisexpectedtoprovidecashflows.Noamortization.•1、摊销金额：无形资产入账价值扣除残值和减值准备。•2、摊销方法：应当反映与该项无形资产有关的经济利益的预期实现方式。无法可靠确定预期实现方式的，采用直线法。3、账户设置：累计摊销Dr:管理费用／其他业务成本等Cr:累计摊销——XXXNegativeGoodwill–BargainPurchasePurchasepricelessthanthefairvalueofnetassetsacquired(bargainpurchase).Resultsinacredit,referredtoasnegativegoodwill.Negativegoodwillisaccountedforasanextraordinarygain.ImpairmentofIntangiblesImpairmentofLimited-LifeIntangiblesSameasimpairmentforlong-livedassetsinChapter7.1.Ifthesumoftheexpectedfuturenetcashflowsislessthanthecarryingamountoftheasset,animpairmenthasoccurred(recoverabilitytest).2.Theimpairmentlossistheamountbywhichthecarryingamountoftheassetexceedsthefairvalueoftheasset(fairvaluetest).Thelossisreportedaspartofincomefromcontinuingoperations,“Otherexpensesandlosses”section.E12-14(CopyrightImpairment)PresentedbelowisinformationrelatedtocopyrightsownedbyWalterCompanyatDec.31,2007.Cost8,600,000$Carryingamount4,300,000Expectedfuturen