-1-初中英语语法中的平行结构平行结构指的是相同的语法结构,它要求有同等重要的思想、概念,并列的句子成分要用同类的语法形式来表达,要用并列连词连接。平行结构是一种修辞手法,它可以使句子前后保持平衡和协调,从而增加语言的连贯性。一、连词连接两个对等的词和对等的结构并列连词and,but,aswellas,or,orelse,both…and,neither…nor,either…or,notonly…but(also),ratherthan等以及从属连词than可连接两个对等的词和对等的结构。1、所连接的谓语形式必须一致例1:Hewentdowntown,boughtsomebooksandvisitedhisdaughter.例2:Gunpowderwasdiscoveredinthetwelfthcentury,butnotusedinwarfareuntiltwohundredyearslater.2、所连接的词或短语形式必须一致例1:Yoursemestergradeisbasednotonlyonhowwellyoudooneachtest,butalsoonhowyouparticipateinclass.例2:Weoftengotothecountrysideaswellastofactories.例3:Iwouldmuchrathergotothecountrysidethanstayhere.3、连接的非谓语动词的形式必须一致例1:Somefindswimmingmoreenjoyablethansittingathomereading.例2:Hewasengagedinwritingaletterratherthanreadingthenewspaper.4、所连接的句子结构必须一致例1:Sheispleasedwithwhatyouhavegivenandallthatyouhavetoldhim.例2:Thepurposeoftheresearchhadamoredifferentmeaningforthemthanitdidforus.二、某些特定的固定结构1、有些词后要用平行结构。例如:-2-prefersth.tosth.preferdoingsth.todoingsth.prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.Ipreferricetonoodles.IpreferwatchingTVtolisteningtomusic.Hepreferredtodieratherthansurrender.2、有些结构中要用平行结构。例如:would╱hadrather╱soonerdosomethingthandosomething,would╱hadassoondosomethingasdosomething(宁可……也不……)LiuHulansaidshehadratherdiethangiveup.Iwouldassoonstayathomeasgo.三部分强调句要强调句子的某一部分,可以把句子的结构改变一下,通常有两种表示强调的句式:Itis╱was…that…结构和What…is╱was…结构。1、Itis╱was…that…结构1)Itis╱was…that…结构可以用来强调句子中几乎任何部分例1:ItwasmymotherthatthrewaneggatMr.Liyesterday.例2:ItwasMr.Lithatmymotherthrewaneggatyesterday.2)被强调的部分指人时,可用who或whom强调主语时,如果指的是人,可以不用that而用who来代替。强调宾语时,如果指点的是人,可用whom。例如:Itwasthedeanwhowalkedby.ItwasMarywhomtheoldladymissedmost.3)被强调部分指物时,要用that例如:ItwasaneggthatmymotherthrewatMr.Liyesterday.4)被强调部分是状语时,也只能用that,不能用when或where.例1:ItisduringhissparetimethatJohnhasbeenstudyingacourseinFrench.例2:Itwasinthehallthatthemayorheldthepressconference.-3-5)不能用Itis╱was…that结构强调动词强调动词常用do,过去式用did。例如:Theydidstudyveryhardyesterday.Hedoeslookforwardtomakingtheacquaintanceofher.2、What…is╱was…结构What…is╱was…结构常用来强调主语或宾语,在这种结构中,is╱was后面是强调的部分。例如:Whathurtsismyleftleg.WhatIlikeisherstyle.