语法讲解：同位语从句

同位语从句一．定义在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。如：Iheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon．我听到了我们队获胜的消息。Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere．我不知道你在这里。二．常见的可以跟同位语从句的词（抽象名词）news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，word（消息），possibility等。如：I’vecomefromMrwangwithamessagethathewon’tbeabletoseeyouthisafternoon．我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。三．常见引导词英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词that，whether，连接副词how,when,where等。（注：if,which不能引导同位语从句。）如：lhavenoideaWhenhewillbeback．我不知道他什么时候回来。Hemustanswerthequestionwhetherheagreestoitornot.他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。MyquestionhowIshallgetintouchwithhimhasnotbeenanswered.Igavethegirlabigdoll,exactlywhatshelongedtohave.四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。如：Severalyearslater，wordcamethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspectthem．几年以后，有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视察他们。Thethoughtcametohimthatmaybetheenemyhadfledthecity．他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。五、同位语从句与定语从句的区别。1、同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，即说明它前面名词的内容；而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系，即限定它前面的名词范围，或补充一些情况。如：Thenewsthatlhavepassedtheexamistrue．我通过了考试这一消息是真的。（同位语从句，即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容。）Thenewsthathetoldmejustnowistrue．他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。（定语从句，从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用，即“他告诉我的”那个消息，而不是别的消息。）2、引导同位语从句的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成份，而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，除起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。如：Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇。（that在从句中不充当任何成份。）Theideathathegavesurprisesmanypeople．他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊。（that在从句中作gave的宾语。）练习1.______hereferredtoinhisarticlewasunknowntothegeneralreader.(2007上海卷)A.ThatB.WhatC.WhetherD.Where2.Thetraditionalviewis______wesleepbecauseourbrainis“programmed”tomakeusdoso.(2007上海卷)A.whenB.whyC.whetherD.that3.CouldIspeakto---------isinchargeofInternationalSales,please?(2007山东卷)A．anyoneB．someoneC．whoeverD．nomatterwho4.____mattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.(2007全国卷II)A.WhatB.WhyC.WhereD.Which5.Youcanonlybesureof_________youhaveatpresent;youcannotbesureofsomething_____youmightgetinthefuture.(2007安徽卷)A.that;whatB.what;/C.which;thatD./;that6.—Where’sthatreport?—Ibroughtittoyou____youwereinMr.Black’sofficeyesterday.(2007北京卷)A.ifB.whenC.becauseD.befor7.Itisnoneofyourbusinessotherpeoplethinkaboutyou.Believeyourself.(2007福建卷)A.howB.whatC.whichD.when8.Havingcheckedthedoorswereclosed,and_________allthelightswereoff,theboyopenedthedoortohisbedroom.（2007湖南卷）A.whyB.thatC.whenD.where9.Choosingtherightdictionarydependson______youwanttouseitfor.（2007江苏卷）A.whatB.whyC.howD.whether10.parentssayanddohasalife-longeffectontheirchildren.（2007陕西卷）A.ThatB.WhichC.WhatD.As11.Byimprovingreadingskills,youcanreadfasterandunderstandmoreofyouread．（2007上海春）A．thatB．whatC．whichD．whether12.Theseasideheredrawsalotoftouristseverysummer.Warmsunshineandsoftsandsmake________itis.（2007天津卷）A.whatB.whichC.howD.where13.Whynottryyourluckdowntown,Bob?That’s______thebestjobsare.（2007浙江卷）A.whereB.whatC.whenD.why（（08全国I卷）25.ThelawyerrarelywearsanythingotherthanjeansandaT-shirt______theseason.A.whateverB.whereverC.wheneverD.however（08山东卷）23.______wasmostimportanttoher,shetoldme,washerfamily.A.ItB.ThisC.WhatD.As（08北京卷）30.Thecompaniesareworkingtogethertocreatetheyhopewillbethebestmeansoftransportinthe21stcentury.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.who（08天津卷）12.Thelasttimewehadgreatfunwas_____wewerevisitingtheWaterPark.A.whereB.howC.whenD.why（08重庆卷）25.PeopleinChongqingareproudof__theyhaveachieved,inthepasttenyears.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how（08安徽卷）29.Studentsarealwaysinterestedinfindingout_______theycangowithanewteacher.A.howfarB.howsoonC.howoftenD.howlong（08福建卷）27._____isknowntousallisthatthe2008OlympicGameswilltakeplaceinBeijing.A.ItB.WhatC.AsD.Which（08湖南卷）29.Whenasked_____theyneededmost,thekidssaidtheywantedtofeelimportantandloved.A.whatB.whyC.whomD.which（08江西卷）34.AnimalssufferedatthehandsofMan___theyweredestroyedbypeopletomakewayforagriculturaltoprovidefoodformorepeople.A.inwhichB.forwhichC.sothatD.inthat（08浙江卷）4.______wantstostayinahotelhastopaytheirownway.A.AnyoneB.TheoneC.WhoeverD.Who（08浙江卷）6.Somechildrenwanttochallengethemselvesbylearningalanguagedifferentfrom______theirparentsspeakathome.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.one（08重庆卷）33.Allpeople,__theyareoldoryoung,richorpoor,richorpoor,havebeentryingtheirbesttohelpthoseinneedsincethedisaster.A.evenifB.whetherC.nomatterD.however(08上海卷)34.Ashisbestfriend,Icanmakeaccurateguessesabout___hewilldoorthink.A.whatB.whichC.whomD.that(08上海卷)36.Ithasbeenproved___eatingvegetablesinchildhoodhelpstoprotectyouagainstseriousillnessesinlaterlife.A.ifB.becauseC.whenD.that09重庆）11Weshouldconsiderthestudents’request___theschoollibraryprovidemorebooksonpopularscience.A.thatB.whenC.whichD.where【答案】A（09江苏）12.ManyyoungpeopleintheWestareexpectedtoleave__couldbelife’smostimportantdecision—marriage—almostentirelyuptoluck.A.asB.thatC.whichD.what【答案】D（09山东）13.Thelittlegirlwhogotlostdecidedtoremain_________shewasandwaittorhermother.A.whereB.whatC.howD.who【答案】Aremain是系动词，后加表语从句，由句意可知，从句缺地点状语，所以选A。（09安徽）1.acertaindoubtamongthepeopleastothepracticalvalueoftheproject.A.IthasB.TheyhaveC.ItremainsD.Thereremains【答案】D（09湖南）2．Sheisverydeartous.Wehavebeenpreparedtodoittakestosaveherlife.A.whicheverB.howeverC.whateverD.whoever【答案】C名词性从句的引导词。句意为：她对我们来说是非常